南方医科大学学报

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 2482-2493.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.10.17

• • 上一篇    

有氧运动通过调控Sirt1/Creb1/Ppargc1a表达改善糖尿病大鼠代谢紊乱及多器官损伤

张冠男1(), 李想2, 米源2, 田丹阳2, 孟晋启3()   

  1. 1.河北省体育科学研究所//河北省数字化体能监控与健康促进重点实验室，河北 石家庄 050000
    2.河北医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室，河北 石家庄 050000
    3.河北医科大学体育教学部，河北 石家庄 050000
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-06 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 孟晋启 E-mail:13483111223@163.com;MengJinqi@hebmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张冠男，硕士，副研究员，E-mail: 13483111223@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82300473);河北省重点研发计划项目(21375701D)

Aerobic exercise improves metabolic disorders and multi-organ damage in diabetic rats by activating the Sirt1/Creb1/Ppargc1a axis

Guannan ZHANG1(), Xiang LI2, Yuan MI2, Danyang TIAN2, Jinqi MENG3()   

  1. 1.Hebei Institute of Sports Science// Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Physical Fitness Monitoring and Health Promotion, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    2.Physiology Teaching and Research Office, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    3.Department of Physical Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
  • Received:2026-03-06 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-26
  • Contact: Jinqi MENG E-mail:13483111223@163.com;MengJinqi@hebmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(82300473)

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摘要：

目的 探究有氧运动与无氧力竭运动对糖尿病大鼠多器官糖代谢及相关功能的影响及其潜在机制。 方法 将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组（10只）与糖尿病造模组（30只）。采用高脂高糖饮食联合一次性小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功后，随机分为糖尿病对照组（10只）、糖尿病有氧运动组（10只）和糖尿病无氧力竭运动组（10只），并进行8周运动干预。干预结束后，对大鼠一般情况进行测试分析；取肝脏、股四头肌、心脏、脑组织前额叶皮质进行HE染色、Masson染色、PAS染色及免疫组化分析；采用Western blotting和qPCR技术检测肝脏关键代谢酶及基因表达水平。 结果 与空白对照组相比，糖尿病对照组大鼠体质量、肝脏指数、空腹血糖及血清乳酸、丙酮酸、尿素氮、肌酐、肌酸激酶水平均显著升高（P<0.01）；肝脏出现脂肪变性，显著纤维化及糖原减少（P<0.01）；骨骼肌出现结构损伤，显著纤维化及糖原减少（P<0.01）；心肌结构损伤、炎症浸润；前额叶皮质多巴胺受体DRD1/DRD5、5-HT、TH表达显著下降（P<0.01）。与糖尿病对照组相比，糖尿病有氧组大鼠体质量、肝脏指数、空腹血糖及血清乳酸、丙酮酸、肌酐、尿素氮、肌酸激酶均显著降低（P<0.01）；肝脏纤维化减轻（P<0.01），糖原沉积增加（P<0.01），糖异生关键酶G6PC及糖酵解酶表达下调（P<0.01），Sirt1 mRNA表达上调（P<0.01）；骨骼肌糖原含量增加（P<0.01）；心肌结构改善，炎症减轻；前额叶皮质DRD1、DRD5、5-HT、TH表达显著回升（P<0.01）。与糖尿病对照组相比，糖尿病力竭组体质量、空腹血糖下降（P<0.01），但肝脏指数、血清乳酸、丙酮酸、尿素氮、肌酐及肌酸激酶水平进一步升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）；肝脏纤维化加剧（P<0.01），糖原沉积减少（P<0.01），糖酵解酶表达上调（P<0.01）；骨骼肌纤维化加剧（P<0.01）；心肌损伤加重；前额叶皮质DRD1、TH表达进一步降低（P<0.05）。 结论 有氧运动通过调节糖脂代谢、减轻炎症纤维化及改善神经递质功能，全面保护糖尿病大鼠多器官功能；而无氧力竭运动加剧了代谢紊乱与组织损伤。

关键词: 有氧运动, 无氧力竭运动, 2型糖尿病, 糖代谢, 多器官功能

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and exhaustive anaerobic exercise on organ glucose metabolism and function in type 2 diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and diabetic model group (n=30). In the latter group, type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin injection. The diabetic rat models were further assigned to diabetic control, aerobic exercise and exhaustive anaerobic exercise groups (n=10) with an 8-week exercise intervention. General physiological indicators of the rats were measured, and liver, quadriceps, heart and prefrontal cortex tissues were collected for HE, Masson, PAS staining and immunohistochemistry. Hepatic expression of key metabolic enzymes and genes were detected using Western blotting and qPCR. Results Compared with the normal control rats, the diabetic rats had significantly increased body weight, liver index, fasting blood glucose and serum levels of metabolic markers with severe hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, glycogen loss, skeletal and cardiac muscle damages, and downregulated DRD1/DRD5, 5-HT and TH in the prefrontal cortex. Aerobic exercise markedly reversed these abnormalities, alleviated organ pathological lesions, suppressed hepatic G6PC and glycolytic enzymes, upregulated Sirt1 mRNA, and restored cortical neurotransmitter-related proteins in the diabetic rats. Exhaustive anaerobic exercise lowered body weight and fasting glucose of the diabetic rats, but caused significant increase of serum metabolic indicators, worsened hepatic steatosis and tissue fibrosis, reduced glycogen, and further reduction of neurotransmitter expressions in the brain. Conclusion Aerobic exercise protects organ function of diabetic rats by regulating glucose-lipid metabolism, relieving inflammation and fibrosis and improving neurotransmitter function, while exhaustive anaerobic exercise can aggravate metabolic disorders and cause tissue damage.

Key words: aerobic exercise, anaerobic exhaustive exercise, type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, multiple organ functions