CFL1及p-CFL在结肠癌中高表达预示结肠癌患者预后不良并促进癌细胞迁移

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.07.07

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1533-1542.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.07.07

• • 上一篇

CFL1及p-CFL在结肠癌中高表达预示结肠癌患者预后不良并促进癌细胞迁移

王琳钰¹^,²(), 王晓燕¹^,²^,⁴, 朱季军¹^,², 蒋波¹^,², 徐洁¹^,²^,⁴, 高彩月²^,³^,⁴, 李冬冬²^,³^,⁴, 王玉²^,³^,⁴, 李晓敏¹^,²^,⁴()

^1.江苏省人民医院宿迁医院，消化内科，江苏宿迁 223800
^2.江苏省人民医院宿迁医院，宿迁市结直肠癌及炎症性肠病基础与临床转化重点实验室，江苏宿迁 223800
^3.江苏省人民医院宿迁医院，临床医学研究中心，江苏宿迁 223800
^4.江苏省人民医院宿迁医院，神经与肿瘤药物研发全国重点实验室，江苏宿迁 223800

收稿日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-07-20
通讯作者: 李晓敏 E-mail:1007080916@qq.com;lxm1980326@sina.com
作者简介:王琳钰，在读硕士研究生，E-mail: 1007080916@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82573244);国家自然科学基金(81902479);江苏省卫健委医学科研项目(M2024038);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515010665);宿迁市科技计划(M202503);宿迁市科技计划(KY202304);宿迁英才雄英计划(SQXY202436);神经与肿瘤药物研发全国重点实验室开放课题(SKLSIM-20250701)

High expression of CFL1 and phospho-CFL1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes migration of colon cancer cells in vitro

Linyu WANG¹^,²(), Xiaoyan WANG¹^,²^,⁴, Jijun ZHU¹^,², Bo JIANG¹^,², Jie XU¹^,²^,⁴, Caiyue GAO²^,³^,⁴, Dongdong LI²^,³^,⁴, Yu WANG²^,³^,⁴, Xiaomin LI¹^,²^,⁴()

^1.Department of Gastroenterology, Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
^2.Suqian Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Translation for Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
^3.Clinical Medical Research Center, Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Suqian 223800, China

Received:2026-01-26 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-07-20
Contact: Xiaomin LI E-mail:1007080916@qq.com;lxm1980326@sina.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82573244)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究丝切蛋白1（CFL1）及其磷酸化形式p-CFL1在结肠癌中的表达情况，分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。揭示CFL1/p-CFL1调控结肠癌细胞迁移的分子机制，重点阐明其核定位在此过程中所发挥的作用及潜在机制。方法利用TCGA数据库、结肠癌组织芯片免疫组化分析CFL1和p-CFL1表达及临床病理参数相关性；应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析探究CFL1和p-CFL1表达水平与结肠癌患者生存期的关系；应用免疫荧光明确CFL1和p-CFL1在细胞核和细胞质的定位；构建野生型（CFL1-WT）与核定位信号突变型（CFL1-MUT）载体，在HCT116细胞中过表达，通过Transwell小室迁移实验检测细胞迁移能力；结合转录组测序与KEGG富集分析解析差异基因与信号通路。结果免疫组化结果显示，CFL1与p-CFL1在结肠癌组织中表达显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.0001），且二者表达呈正相关（r=0.4753，P<0.0001）。CFL1和p-CFL1高表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期晚及患者总生存期缩短相关（P<0.05）。免疫组化与免疫荧光显示CFL1/p-CFL1可定位于细胞质与细胞核。功能实验表明，过表达CFL1-WT与CFL1-MUT均能促进HCT116细胞迁移，且CFL1-WT作用更强。KEGG分析提示，CFL1-WT调控的基因显著富集于Ras、PI3K-Akt、细胞粘附分子等肿瘤转移相关通路。结论 CFL1/p-CFL1在结肠癌中高表达，是预后不良的潜在生物标志物。CFL1可通过核定位进一步激活肿瘤转移相关信号通路，从而促进结肠癌迁移。

关键词: 结肠癌, 丝切蛋白1, 磷酸化形式丝切蛋白1, 核定位, 预后

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the expressions of cofilin-1 (CFL1) and its phosphorylated form p-CFL1 in colon cancer, their relationship with clinicopathological features and patient prognosis, and their regulatory roles in colon cancer cell migration. Methods The expression of CFL1 and p-CFL1 and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed using the TCGA database and immunohistochemistry of colon cancer tissue microarrays. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to explore the association of CFL1/p-CFL1 expression levels with survival of colon cancer patients. The localization of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm was observed using immunofluorescence staining. Wild-type (CFL1-WT) and nuclear localization signal mutant-type (CFL1-MUT) overexpression vectors were constructed and transfected into HCT116 cells, and the changes in cell migration were assessed using Transwell chamber migration assay. Transcriptome sequencing combined with KEGG enrichment analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways. Results Immunohistochemistry results showed significantly increased expressions of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in colon cancer tissues compared with the adjacent tissues (P<0.0001), and their expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.4753, P<0.0001). High expressions of CFL1 and p-CFL1 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and shorter overall survival of the patients (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated localization of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Functional experiments showed that overexpression of CFL1-WT and CFL1-MUT both promoted HCT116 cell migration, and CFL1-WT exhibited a stronger effect. KEGG analysis suggested that the genes regulated by CFL1-WT were significantly enriched in tumor metastasis-related pathways involving Ras, PI3K-Akt, and cell adhesion molecules. Conclusion CFL1/p-CFL1 are highly expressed in colon cancer and can be potential biomarkers for poor prognosis. CFL1 overexpression further activates tumor metastasis-related signaling pathways through nuclear localization, thereby promoting colon cancer migration.

Key words: colon cancer, cofilin-1, phosphorylated cofilin-1, nuclear localization, prognosis

王琳钰, 王晓燕, 朱季军, 蒋波, 徐洁, 高彩月, 李冬冬, 王玉, 李晓敏. CFL1及p-CFL在结肠癌中高表达预示结肠癌患者预后不良并促进癌细胞迁移[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(7): 1533-1542.

Linyu WANG, Xiaoyan WANG, Jijun ZHU, Bo JIANG, Jie XU, Caiyue GAO, Dongdong LI, Yu WANG, Xiaomin LI. High expression of CFL1 and phospho-CFL1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes migration of colon cancer cells in vitro[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(7): 1533-1542.

图/表 10

图1 结肠癌及癌旁组织CFL1的表达情况

Fig.1 CFL1 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues. A: Expression levels of CFL1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) from the TCGA database. B, C: Representative immunohistochemical staining and the corresponding H-score analysis of CFL1 in colon cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues (n=80). Scale bar=500 µm (upper panel); Scale bar=200 µm (lower panel). *P<0.05, ****P<0.0001.

图2 结肠癌及癌旁组织p-CFL1的表达情况

Fig.2 p-CFL1 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues. A, B: Representative immunohistochemical staining and the corresponding H-score analysis of p-CFL1 in colon cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues (n=80). Scale bar=500 µm (upper panel); Scale bar=200 µm (lower panel). ****P<0.0001.

图3 CFL1和p-CFL1在结肠癌组织中的表达呈正相关

Fig.3 Positive correlation between expressions of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in colon cancer tissues. A: Representative images showing consistent expression trends of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in the same colon cancer tissue samples (Scale bar=100 μm). B: Pearson correlation analysis between CFL1 and p-CFL1 expression levels in colon cancer tissues (n=96).

图4 CFL1和p-CFL1高表达对结肠癌患者术后生存情况的影响

Fig.4 Impact of high expression of CFL1 and p-CFL1 on overall survival of patients with colon cancer. A: Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing overall survival between patients with high and low expression of CFL1 (P=0.0158). B: Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing overall survival between patients with high and low expression of p-CFL1 (P=0.0030).

图5 CFL1和p-CFL1在部分结肠癌的细胞核中有阳性表达

Fig.5 Nuclear localization of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in a subset of colon cancer cases. A: Representative immunohistochemical images showing nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in colon cancer tissues (Scale bar=100 μm). B: Immunofluorescence analysis confirms the localization of CFL1 and p-CFL1 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCT116 cells (Scale bar=25 μm).

图6 过表达野生型和NLS突变型CFL1均促进结肠癌细胞迁移

Fig.6 Overexpression of wild-type and NLS-mutant CFL1 promotes migration of colon cancer cells. A: Sanger sequencing verification showing the presence of the NLS in the CFL1-WT vector and its mutation in the CFL1-MUT vector. B: Western blotting confirms overexpression of CFL1 in HCT116 cells transfected with CFL1-WT and CFL1-MUT vectors. C: Immunofluorescence staining showing that wild-type CFL1 overexpression leads to both nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution, while the NLS-mutant confines CFL1 to the cytoplasm (Scale bar=20 μm). D: Transwell migration assays demonstrating that both CFL1-WT and CFL1-MUT enhancemigration of colon cancer cells (Scale bar=100 μm; n=5). *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

图7 野生型和NLS突变型CFL1的KEGG富集分析

Fig.7 KEGG enrichment analysis of wild-type and NLS-mutant CFL1. A, B: Volcano plots displaying the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by RNA-seq in HCT116 cells transfected with CFL1-MUT, CFL1-WT, or control vectors. C, D: Bubble plots of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for up-regulated DEGs (MUT vs NC: 63, WT vs NC: 41) in the CFL1-MUT and CFL1-WT groups, respectively. E, F: Bubble plots of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for down-regulated DEGs (MUT vs NC: 41, WT vs NC: 54) in the CFL1-MUT and CFL1-WT groups, respectively.

图8 核内定位的CFL1的KEGG富集分析

Fig.8 KEGG enrichment analysis of nuclear-localized CFL1. A, B: Venn diagram and heatmaps showing the 31 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated differentially expressed genes in CFL1-WT group compared to the control. C, D: KEGG enrichment analysis of the 31 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated DEGs.

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CFL1及p-CFL在结肠癌中高表达预示结肠癌患者预后不良并促进癌细胞迁移

High expression of CFL1 and phospho-CFL1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes migration of colon cancer cells in vitro

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