腹腔注射薤白碳量子点可改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤并修复线粒体功能

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.03.04

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 505-512.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.03.04

• 基础研究 • 上一篇

腹腔注射薤白碳量子点可改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤并修复线粒体功能

杨剑明¹(), 杨龙², 洪铠文², 耿贝贝³, 赵满³, 王耀光⁴, 夏婷³(), 董津睿²()

^1.天津大学泰达医院血液净化科，天津 300457
^2.天津大学医学院，天津 300072
^3.天津科技大学生物工程学院，天津 300222
^4.天津中医药大学第一附属医院肾内科，天津 300070

收稿日期:2025-08-09 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-26
通讯作者: 夏婷,董津睿 E-mail:yangjm_2007@hotmail.com;xiating@tust.edu.cn;jinrui_dong@tju.edu.cn
作者简介:杨剑明，副主任医师，E-mail: yangjm_2007@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82200655);天津市自然科学基金(22JCYBJC00730);天津市自然科学基金(23JCYBJC01560)

Intraperitoneal administration of Allium macrostemon-derived carbon quantum dots alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and restores mitochondrial function in mice

Jianming YANG¹(), Long YANG², Kaiwen HONG², Beibei GENG³, Man ZHAO³, Yaoguang WANG⁴, Ting XIA³(), Jinrui DONG²()

^1.Department of Blood Purification, Taida Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China
^2.School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
^3.College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
^4.Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300070, China

Received:2025-08-09 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-26
Contact: Ting XIA, Jinrui DONG E-mail:yangjm_2007@hotmail.com;xiating@tust.edu.cn;jinrui_dong@tju.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82200655)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨薤白来源的碳量子点（CQDs）通过不同给药方式（口服与腹腔注射）对顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤（AKI）小鼠模型的保护作用及其潜在机制。方法将雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组、AKI模型组、腹腔注射给药组（AKI+CI）和口服给药组（AKI+CO），6只/组。除对照组外，其余3组小鼠于第3天单次腹腔注射顺铂（20 mg/kg）造模，AKI+CI组连续5 d腹腔注射薤白CQDs（0.25 mL/d），AKI+CO组灌胃给予薤白CQDs溶液（1 mL/d）。第6天收集血样检测血清肌酐（CRE）和尿素氮（BUN）；HE染色和透射电镜（TEM）评估组织病理结构、线粒体形态与足细胞损伤；RT-qPCR与Western blotting检测KIM-1、NGAL及炎症因子（IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β）的表达水平。结果与对照组相比， AKI组小鼠体质量明显下降、肾脏体积增大，肾重比升高，血清CRE和BUN水平均升高（P<0.01）。与AKI组相比，各给药组小鼠体质量下降趋势明显缓解，肾重比、血清CRE和BUN水平均下降（P<0.05），肾损伤标志物KIM-1、NGAL以及炎症因子表达水平降低（P<0.05），肾组织结构完整，炎症细胞浸润减少，线粒体形态基本恢复，足细胞足突融合现象和基底膜增厚明显减轻，线粒体损伤和肾小球屏障结构破坏减轻，且AKI+CI组更为明显。结论薤白CQDs通过腹腔注射可有效减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤，改善肾功能，抑制炎症反应并修复线粒体损伤。薤白CQDs经腹腔注射途径给药具有更佳的靶向性与肾保护作用。

关键词: 急性肾损伤, 薤白, 碳量子点, 顺铂, 线粒体

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the protective effects of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from Allium macrostemon (Xiebai) administered orally or via intraperitoneal injection in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, AKI model group, intraperitoneal injection group, and oral administration group (n=6). In all but the control group, the mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) on day 3 to induce AKI; intraperitoneal injections of Xiebai-derived CQDs (0.25 mL/day) were administered on a daily basis for 5 consecutive days, and oral CQD solution was given at the dose of 1 mL/day. On day 6, blood samples were collected to measure serum creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate kidney tissue structure, mitochondrial morphology, and podocyte injury. Expression levels of renal injury markers (KIM-1 and NGAL) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF‑α, and IL-1β) were determined with with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with those in the control group, AKI mice exhibited significant weight loss, renal enlargement, increased kidney-to-body weight ratio, and elevated serum CRE and BUN levels. In both Xiebai CQDs treatment groups, kidney/body weight ratios and serum CRE and BUN levels were reduced and the expression levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and inflammatory cytokines were lowered significantly. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed more intact renal architecture, reduced inflammatory infiltration, restored mitochondrial morphology, and alleviated podocyte foot process fusion and basement membrane thickening in the two treatment groups, particularly in the intraperitoneal injection group. Conclusion Intraperitoneal administration of Xiebai-derived CQDs effectively attenuates cisplatin-induced AKI in mice, improves renal function, suppresses inflammatory responses, and repairs mitochondrial damage, thus offering better renal targeting and protective effects for AKI prevention and treatment.

Key words: acute kidney injury, Xiebai, carbon quantum dots, cisplatin, mitochondria

杨剑明, 杨龙, 洪铠文, 耿贝贝, 赵满, 王耀光, 夏婷, 董津睿. 腹腔注射薤白碳量子点可改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤并修复线粒体功能[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(3): 505-512.

Jianming YANG, Long YANG, Kaiwen HONG, Beibei GENG, Man ZHAO, Yaoguang WANG, Ting XIA, Jinrui DONG. Intraperitoneal administration of Allium macrostemon-derived carbon quantum dots alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and restores mitochondrial function in mice[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(3): 505-512.

图/表 9

图1 小鼠AKI模型的建立及分组

Fig.1 Establishment of mouse models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and experimental grouping.

表1 RT-PCR引物序列

Tab.1 Sequences of RT-PCR primers

Gene	Primer sequence (5'-3')
TNF-α	F: ATGAGAAGTTCCCAAATGGC R: CTCCACTTGGTGGTTTGCTA
IL-1β	F: ATCCAGCACTCTGCTTTCAGG R: TGCATCTGTAGGAGTCCCTGT
IL-6	F: CTCTGGGAAATCGTGGAAAT R: CCAGTTTGGTAGCATCCATC
MCP1	F: AGGTCCCTGTCATGCTTCTG R: TCTGGACCCATTCCTTCTTG
KIM-1	F: ACGGCTCTCTCCTAACTGGT R: CCACCACCCCCTTTACTTCC
NGAL	F: TTGTAGTGGGCGTGGAATCG R: CGGAACCTCCACAGTCAGTC
Spp1	F: AGAAGCATCCTTGCTTGGGTTT R: CGTAGTTAGTCCTTGGCTGGTT
Timp1	F: GCTCCAACCCTGTCCTAACC R: GCACAACACGAAAATGCCCT
GAPDH	F: CCCCATACACAGTGTTAGCC R: GAGTGATTTTCCCGTCC

图2 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠状态和体质量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on general condition and body weight changes in AKI mice. A: Fur luster, activity level, and food intake of the mice. B: Body weight of mice in the CON, AKI, AKI+CI, and AKI+CO groups at 1, 2, and 3 days after AKI modeling. ***P<0.001 vs CON group, ###P<0.001 vs AKI group (n=6).

图3 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠肾脏和肾重比指数的影响

Fig.3 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on kidney condition and kidney/body weight ratio in AKI mice. A: Mice kidney anatomy. B: Mice kidney/body weight ratio. ***P<0.001 vs CON group, ##P<0.01 vs AKI group.

图4 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠血清CRE、BUN含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on serum CRE (A) and BUN levels (B) in AKI mice. ***P<0.001 vs CON group, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs AKI group.

图5 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠肾脏病理学的影响

Fig.5 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on renal pathology in AKI mice (HE staining; upper panel: ×100, scale bar=200 µm; lower panel: ×200, scale bar=100 µm).

图6 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠肾脏损伤标志物及炎症因子mRNA的表达

Fig.6 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on mRNA levels of renal injury markers (A) and inflammatory markers (B) in AKI mice. ***P<0.001 vs CON group, #P<0.05, ###P<0.001 vs AKI group.

图7 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠肾脏蛋白表达的影响

Fig.7 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on renal protein expression in AKI mice. A: Western blots and quantitative analysis showing renal levels of NGAL and GAPDH. B: Western blots and quantitative analysis showing renal levels of p-JNK and JNK. C: Western blots and quantitative analysis showing renal levels of p-NF-κB and NF-κB. ***P<0.001 vs CON group, ###P<0.001 vs AKI group (n=6).

图8 薤白CQDs对AKI小鼠肾脏损伤的影响

Fig.8 Effects of Xiebai CQDs on renal injury in AKI mice. A: TEM images showing renal cortical mitochondria of the mice in AKI and AKI+CI groups. B: TEM images showing renal basement membrane of the mice in AKI and AKI+CI groups. Yellow arrows indicate damaged mitochondria, and red arrows indicate disrupted basement membrane.

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腹腔注射薤白碳量子点可改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤并修复线粒体功能

Intraperitoneal administration of Allium macrostemon-derived carbon quantum dots alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and restores mitochondrial function in mice

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