莱菔硫烷通过抑制Aβ42寡聚体激活的U87细胞中MAPK/NF-κB信号通路降低反应性星形胶质细胞介导的SH-SY5Y凋亡

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.21

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 191-199.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.21

莱菔硫烷通过抑制Aβ42寡聚体激活的U87细胞中MAPK/NF-κB信号通路降低反应性星形胶质细胞介导的SH-SY5Y凋亡

张淑芬¹(), 黄添容²(), 杨灿洪², 陈家镒², 吕田明², 张嘉发²()

^1.广州市南沙区中医医院，广东广州 511455
^2.南方医科大学第三附属医院神经内科，广东广州 510630

收稿日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-16
通讯作者: 张嘉发 E-mail:252300534@qq.com;120064577@qq.com;596471200@qq.com
作者简介:张淑芬，主治医师，E-mail: 252300534@qq.com
黄添容，副主任护师，E-mail: 120064577@qq.com
第一联系人：共同第一作者
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金自由申请项目(2021A1515010006);南沙区民生科技项目(2021MS003);南方医科大学第三附属医院院长基金(YM2021002);2022年度院长基金护理专项(YH202203);2022年度院长基金护理专项(YH202203);南方医科大学护理科研专项基金重点项目(Z2021002);广州市科技计划项目(2024A04J4728)

Sulforaphane reduces reactive astrocyte-mediated neuron apoptosis in vitro by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in Aβ42 oligomer-activated astrocytes

Shufen ZHANG¹(), Tianrong HUANG²(), Canhong YANG², Jiayi CHEN², Tianming LÜ², Jiafa ZHANG²()

^1.Guangzhou Nansha District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 511455, China
^2.Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China

Received:2025-09-15 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-16
Contact: Jiafa ZHANG E-mail:252300534@qq.com;120064577@qq.com;596471200@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨莱菔硫烷（SFN）和Aβ42寡聚体对U87细胞的影响，及其通过下调MAPK/NF-κB信号通路逆转神经炎症介导的SH-SY5Y神经元凋亡。方法以不同浓度Aβ42和SFN对U87细胞作用48 h，使用CCK-8试剂盒检测各组细胞活性。实验分组：溶媒对照组、Aβ组、Aβ+SFN组、Aβ+SB203580组。使用RT-qPCR检测U87细胞中IL-6及TNF‑α mRNA水平，采用ELISA检测细胞上清液中IL-6及TNF-α水平，Western blotting检测各组U87细胞蛋白中p-p38、p-p65和GFAP蛋白表达水平；U87与SH-SY5Y共培养后提取SH-SY5Y蛋白，使用Western blotting检测SH-SY5Y细胞蛋白中Bax蛋白表达水平。星形胶质细胞和原代细神经元培养及鉴定。以不同浓度Aβ42和SFN对星形胶质细胞作用48 h后使用CCK-8试剂盒检测各组细胞活性。星形胶质细胞和原代细神经元共培养后，检测神经元细胞活性。结果 CCK-8结果显示，与溶媒对照组相比，1.25 μmol/L浓度Aβ42导致U87细胞活力增加（P<0.05），≥5 μmol/L浓度活力降低（P<0.05）。SFN在0~5 μmol/L，对U87细胞作用24 h后，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。RT-qPCR、ELISA以及Western blotting结果显示，在U87细胞中，Aβ组与其他3组相比，p-p38、p-p65和GFAP表达升高（P<0.05）、IL-6和TNF‑α mRNA表达升高（P<0.05）及上清中IL-6、TNF-α浓度升高（P<0.001）。在SH-SY5Y细胞中，Aβ组与其他3组相比Bax表达升高（P<0.05）。CCK-8结果显示，与溶媒对照组相比，Aβ42 ≥10 μmol/L浓度的活力降低（P<0.05）。SFN在0~5 μmol/L对星形胶质细胞作用24 h后，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与溶媒对照组、Aβ+SFN组和Aβ+SB203580组相比，Aβ组原代神经元细胞活性降低（P<0.05）。结论 SFN通过在Aβ42寡聚体激活的U87细胞中下调MAPK/NF-κB信号通路以降低星形胶质细胞介导的SH-SY5Y凋亡。

关键词: 莱菔硫烷, 阿尔兹海默病, 星形胶质细胞, 淀粉样蛋白β, MAPK, NF-κB, 神经炎症, 凋亡

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) on Aβ42-activated U87 astrocyte-mediated apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neurons in vitro. Methods U87 cells treated with different concentrations of Aβ42, SFN or both were examined for changes in cell activity, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression, release of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins, and expressions of p-p38, p-p65 and GFAP using CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blotting. SH-SY5Y neurons were co-cultured with U87 astrocytes treated with Aβ42 alone or in combination with SFN or SB203580 for 24 h, and the changes in Bax protein expression levels and viability of SH-SY5Y cells were examined. The effects of Aβ42, SFN, and their combination were also observed in astrocytes isolated from mouse brain tissues, and the indirect effects of astrocyte treatmentt on viability of the co-cultured primary neurons were assessed. Results The viability of U87 astrocytes increased significantly following treatment with 1.25 μmol/L Aβ42 but decreased after Aβ42 treatment above 5 μmol/L. SFN treatments for 24 h below 5 μmol/L did not significantly affect U87 cell viability. Aβ42 treatment significantly increased protein expressions of p-p38, p-p65 and GFAP, mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and IL-6 and TNF-α levels in culture supernatant of U87 cells. SH-SY5Y cells co-cultured with Aβ42-treated U87 cells showed significantly increased protein expressions of Bax, and exhibited lowered viability following co-culture with 5 μmol/L Aβ42-treated U87 cells. The isolated mouse astrocytes showed lowered viability following Aβ42 treatment above 10 μmol/L, but SFN treatment below 5 μmol/L for 24 did not obviously affect the cell viability. The primary neurons co-cultured with Aβ42-treated mouse astrocytes showed significantly lower cell viability than those co-cultured with the astrocytes treated with Aβ+SFN or Aβ+SB203580. Conclusion SFN attenuates astrocyte-mediated neuron apoptosis by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in Aβ42 oligomer-activated astrocytes

Key words: sulforaphane, Alzheimer's disease, astrocyte, β-amyloid, MAPK, nuclear factor-κB, neuroinflammation, apoptosis

张淑芬, 黄添容, 杨灿洪, 陈家镒, 吕田明, 张嘉发. 莱菔硫烷通过抑制Aβ42寡聚体激活的U87细胞中MAPK/NF-κB信号通路降低反应性星形胶质细胞介导的SH-SY5Y凋亡[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(1): 191-199.

Shufen ZHANG, Tianrong HUANG, Canhong YANG, Jiayi CHEN, Tianming LÜ, Jiafa ZHANG. Sulforaphane reduces reactive astrocyte-mediated neuron apoptosis in vitro by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in Aβ42 oligomer-activated astrocytes[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(1): 191-199.

图/表 7

图1 CCK-8法检测Aβ42与SFN对U87细胞活性的影响

Fig.1 CCK-8 assay for assessing viability of U87 cells treated with different concentration of Aβ42, sulforaphane (SFN) and both. A: Viability of U87 cells treated with 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L Aβ42 for 48 h (*P˂0.05, ***P˂0.001, ****P˂0.0001 vs 0 μmol/L group). B: Viability of U87 cells treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L SFN for 24 h (*P˂0.05, ****P˂0.0001 vs 0 μmol/L group). C: Viability of U87 cells treated with vehicle, Aβ42 (5 μmol/L), and Aβ42 (5 μmol/L)+SFN (5 μmol/L) (*P˂0.05, **P˂0.01).

图2 Aβ42、SFN和p38抑制剂SB203580对U87细胞的影响

Fig.2 Effects of Aβ42 (5 μmol/L), SFN (5 μmol/L) and SB203580 (20 μmol/L) on protein expressions of p-p38, p-p65 and GFAP, mRNA expressions of TNF‑α and IL-6, and TNF‑α and IL-6 levels in culture supernatant of U87 cells. A-D: Protein expression levels of p-p38, p-p65 and GFAP in U87 cells treated with vehicle, Aβ42, Aβ42+SFN, and Aβ42+ SB203580 detected by Western blotting (*P˂0.05, **P˂0.01, ***P˂0.001, ****P˂0.0001). E, F: Expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in treated U87 cells detected by RT-qPCR (*P˂0.05, **P˂0.01). G-H: TNF-α and IL-6 levels in culture supernatant of the treated U87 cells (***P˂0.001, ****P˂0.0001).

图3 Aβ42、SFN和p38抑制剂SB203580通过U87细胞对SH-SY5Y的间接作用

Fig.3 Indirect effects of Aβ42, SFN and SB203580 treatment of U87 cells on co-cultured SH-SY5Y neurons. A: Transwell co-culture scheme of U87 and SH-SY5Y Cells. B: Protein expression of Bax in SH-SY5Y cells co-cultured with U87 cells treated with vehicle, Aβ42, Aβ42+SFN, and Aβ42+SB203580. C: Quantification of Bax expression levels. *P˂0.05, **P˂0.01.

表1 qRT-PCR引物序列

Tab.1 Primers sequences for qRT-PCR

Primer	Sequuence (5' to 3')
GAPDH-F	CTA GGC CAC AGA ATT GAA AGA TCT
GAPDH-R	GTA GGT GGA AAT TCT AGC ATC ATC C
TNF-α-F	CTG TGA AGG GAA TGG GTG TT
TNF-α-R	CAG GGA AGA ATC TGG AAA GGT C
IL-6-F	GAG AGC ATT GGA AGT TGG GG
IL-6-R	CTT CCA GCC AGT TGC CTT CT

图4 星形胶质细胞和原代神经元细胞纯度鉴定

Fig.4 Purity identification of astrocytes and primary neurons isolated from mouse brain tissues. A-C: Immunofluorescence staining for assessing purity of the astrocytes labeled with GFAP (green). DAPI (blue) was used to label the cell nuclei (Scale bar=50 μm). D-F: Immunofluorescence staining for assessing purity of the primary neurons labeled with MAP-2 (green). DAPI (blue) was used to label the cell nuclei (Scale bar=20 μm).

图5 CCK-8法检测Aβ42与SFN对星形胶质细胞活性的影响

Fig.5 CCK-8 assay for assessing the effect of different concentrations of Aβ42, SFN and their combination on viability of isolated mouse astrocytes. A: Viability of mouse astrocytes treated with 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L Aβ42 for 48 h (*P˂0.05, ***P˂0.001 vs control group). B: Viability of mouse astrocytes treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L SFN for 24 h (****P˂0.0001 vs control group). C: Viability of mouse astrocytes treated with vehicle, Aβ42 (10 μmol/L), and Aβ42 (10 μmol/L) + SFN (5 μmol/L) (*P˂0.05, **P˂0.01).

图6 Aβ42、SFN和p38抑制剂SB203580通过星形胶质细胞对原代神经元细胞的间接作用

Fig.6 Indirect effects of Aβ42, SFN and SB203580 treatment of isolated mouse astrocytes on the primary neurons. A: Transwell co-culture scheme for mouse astrocytes and primary neurons. B: Viability of primary neurons co-cultured with mouse astrocytes treated with vehicle, Aβ42 (10 μmol/L), Aβ42 (10 μmol/L)+SFN (5 μmol/L), and Aβ42 (10 μmol/L)+SB203580 (20 μmol/L). *P˂0.05.

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莱菔硫烷通过抑制Aβ42寡聚体激活的U87细胞中MAPK/NF-κB信号通路降低反应性星形胶质细胞介导的SH-SY5Y凋亡

Sulforaphane reduces reactive astrocyte-mediated neuron apoptosis in vitro by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in Aβ42 oligomer-activated astrocytes

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