八段锦、床旁功率自行车与吹气球训练对肺癌患者胸腔镜术后肺功能恢复效果的比较：一项随机对照试验

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.09.20

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2222-2229.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.09.20

• • 上一篇

八段锦、床旁功率自行车与吹气球训练对肺癌患者胸腔镜术后肺功能恢复效果的比较：一项随机对照试验

张娟娟¹, 姚舒桓², 赵祖源³, 孙香², 朱紫茵², 李丽²^,⁴(), 韦海涛⁴()

^1.河南大学淮河医院，呼吸科，河南开封 475004
^2.河南大学护理与健康学院，河南开封 475001
^3.成都医学院临床医学院，四川成都 610500
^4.河南大学淮河医院，胸外科，河南开封 475004

收稿日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-30
通讯作者: 李丽,韦海涛 E-mail:10210051@vip.henu.edu.cn;taoge9885@163.com
作者简介:张娟娟、姚舒桓共同为第一作者
张娟娟、姚舒桓共同为第一作者
第一联系人：张娟娟，主治医师，E-mail: 15290038513@163.com
姚舒桓，在读硕士研究生，E-mail: yao031216@163.com
基金资助:
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(26B320003);河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(262102310196);河南省医学科技攻关计划(LHGJ20260597)

Effects of Baduanjin, bedside cycle ergometer and balloon-blowing training on pulmonary function recovery following thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Juanjuan ZHANG¹, Shuhuan YAO², Zuyuan ZHAO³, Xiang SUN², Ziyin ZHU², Li LI²^,⁴(), Haitao WEI⁴()

^1.Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
^2.College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
^3.School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
^4.Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Received:2026-01-26 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-09-30
Contact: Li LI, Haitao WEI E-mail:10210051@vip.henu.edu.cn;taoge9885@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统比较八段锦、床旁功率自行车与吹气球训练对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者肺功能恢复效果。方法本研究为一项随机对照试验。于2021年1月~2022年6月，共纳入334例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的患者，随机分为八段锦组（108例）、床旁功率自行车组（109例）与吹气球训练组（117例）。3组患者分别接受为期12周的指定方案训练，并于术后1 d（基线）、4周、12周、半年及1年系统评估其肺功能、运动耐力、呼吸困难程度、疼痛程度、免疫功能、有氧能力、生活质量及患者参与度。结果术后12周，3组患者各项观察指标均较基线水平获得显著改善（P<0.05）。组间比较结果显示，八段锦组在免疫功能指标（CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值、IgA及IgG水平）、疼痛程度、呼吸困难评分、生活质量评分及治疗参与度等方面的改善最为明显，均优于其他两组（P<0.05）；床旁功率自行车组在第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、6 min步行距离及峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）方面的改善幅度显著大于吹气球训练组（P<0.05），而与八段锦组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；吹气球训练组各项指标的改善程度整体较为有限。结论八段锦、床旁功率自行车与吹气球训练均为胸腔镜肺癌根治术后有效的康复方式，临床可结合患者的核心康复需求，为其提供针对性的个性化康复选择。

关键词: 肺癌, 胸腔镜, 八段锦, 床旁功率自行车, 吹气球训练, 肺功能

Abstract:

Objective To systematically compare the effects of Baduanjin exercise, bedside cycle ergometer training, and balloon-blowing training on pulmonary function recovery in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer. Methods This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial. From January, 2021 to June, 2022, 334 patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned to Baduanjin group (108 cases), bedside cycle ergometer training group (109 cases), and balloon-blowing training group (117 cases). All the patients received 12 weeks of assigned intervention. Systematic assessments of lung function, exercise tolerance, dyspnea level, pain intensity, immune function, aerobic capacity, quality of life, and patient engagement were conducted at postoperative day 1 (baseline), 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Results At 12 weeks postoperatively, all observed indicators in the 3 groups showed significant improvement compared to the baseline levels (P<0.05). Baduanjin exercise resulted in the most pronounced improvements in immune function indicators (CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, IgA, and IgG levels), pain intensity, dyspnea score, quality of life score, and treatment engagement, outperforming the other two trainings (P<0.05). The patients in bedside cycle ergometer group showed significantly more obvious improvements in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 6-min walking distance, and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) than those in balloon-blowing training group (P<0.05), but these improvements did not differ significantly from those observed in Baduanjin group (P>0.05). Balloon-blowing training resulted in only limited overall improvements of the measured indicators. Conclusion Baduanjin, bedside cycle ergometer training and balloon-blowing training are all effective rehabilitation methods after video-assisted thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer. Personalized rehabilitation choices can be provided for patients based on their rehabilitation needs.

Key words: lung cancer, thoracoscopy, Baduanjin, bedside cycle ergometer training, balloon-blowing training, lung function

张娟娟, 姚舒桓, 赵祖源, 孙香, 朱紫茵, 李丽, 韦海涛. 八段锦、床旁功率自行车与吹气球训练对肺癌患者胸腔镜术后肺功能恢复效果的比较：一项随机对照试验[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(9): 2222-2229.

Juanjuan ZHANG, Shuhuan YAO, Zuyuan ZHAO, Xiang SUN, Ziyin ZHU, Li LI, Haitao WEI. Effects of Baduanjin, bedside cycle ergometer and balloon-blowing training on pulmonary function recovery following thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(9): 2222-2229.

图/表 9

参考文献 31

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Variable	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	χ²/F	P
Age (year)	63.20±8.14	62.71±7.86	63.84±7.51	0.643	0.526
Gender (n)				0.331	0.847
Male	61	59	68
Female	47	50	49
BMI	23.40±3.03	23.08±2.82	23.55±3.05	0.712	0.491
Education level				1.926	0.382
High school or below	65	70	76
Junior college or above	43	39	41
Disease characteristics
Disease course (years)	5.21±2.12	4.92±2.25	5.40±2.05	1.245	0.289
Pathological type				0.894	0.925
Squamous cell carcinoma	31	29	35
Adenocarcinoma	72	75	77
Other	5	5	5
Clinical stage				1.557	0.817
I	71	74	75
II	31	29	35
IIIa	6	6	7
Comorbidities
Hypertension	39	35	45	1.025	0.599
Diabetes mellitus	19	16	22	0.752	0.686
Coronary heart disease	11	9	13	0.522	0.770
Smoking history				0.385	0.825
Yes	57	62	63
No	51	47	54
Surgery-related indicators
Surgical method				0.288	0.866
Lobectomy	90	92	99
Segmentectomy	18	17	18
Operation time (min)	89.83±5.22	88.50±6.06	90.11±4.99	0.412	0.663
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	41.76±8.71	40.20±9.27	42.57±8.11	1.283	0.278
Postoperative 24-hour drainage volume (mL)	35.20±9.11	33.82±8.72	33.80±8.74	1.967	0.142
Chest tube duration (days)	1.56±0.53	1.57±0.64	1.77±0.40	1.445	0.237
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	3.61±1.15	3.52±1.16	3.83±0.99	2.342	0.098

Variable	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	χ²/F	P
Age (year)	63.20±8.14	62.71±7.86	63.84±7.51	0.643	0.526
Gender (n)				0.331	0.847
Male	61	59	68
Female	47	50	49
BMI	23.40±3.03	23.08±2.82	23.55±3.05	0.712	0.491
Education level				1.926	0.382
High school or below	65	70	76
Junior college or above	43	39	41
Disease characteristics
Disease course (years)	5.21±2.12	4.92±2.25	5.40±2.05	1.245	0.289
Pathological type				0.894	0.925
Squamous cell carcinoma	31	29	35
Adenocarcinoma	72	75	77
Other	5	5	5
Clinical stage				1.557	0.817
I	71	74	75
II	31	29	35
IIIa	6	6	7
Comorbidities
Hypertension	39	35	45	1.025	0.599
Diabetes mellitus	19	16	22	0.752	0.686
Coronary heart disease	11	9	13	0.522	0.770
Smoking history				0.385	0.825
Yes	57	62	63
No	51	47	54
Surgery-related indicators
Surgical method				0.288	0.866
Lobectomy	90	92	99
Segmentectomy	18	17	18
Operation time (min)	89.83±5.22	88.50±6.06	90.11±4.99	0.412	0.663
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	41.76±8.71	40.20±9.27	42.57±8.11	1.283	0.278
Postoperative 24-hour drainage volume (mL)	35.20±9.11	33.82±8.72	33.80±8.74	1.967	0.142
Chest tube duration (days)	1.56±0.53	1.57±0.64	1.77±0.40	1.445	0.237
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	3.61±1.15	3.52±1.16	3.83±0.99	2.342	0.098

Time point/Variable	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1
FEV1 (L)	1.52±0.31	1.49±0.33	1.51±0.32	0.21	0.812
FVC (L)	2.18±0.41	2.15±0.43	2.17±0.42	0.15	0.861
FEV1/FVC (%)	69.81±5.20	69.33±5.52	69.60±5.29	0.24	0.787
Postoperative 4 weeks
FEV1 (L)	1.78±0.33	1.85±0.35*	1.71±0.32	4.12	0.017
FVC (L)	2.52±0.45	2.58±0.47	2.48±0.44	1.45	0.236
FEV1/FVC (%)	70.62±4.81	71.70±5.11*	68.94±4.92	3.78	0.024
Postoperative 12 weeks
FEV1 (L)	2.05±0.38*	2.15±0.40*	1.92±0.36	9.85	<0.001
FVC (L)	2.85±0.50	2.91±0.52	2.79±0.49	1.92	0.148
FEV1/FVC (%)	71.90±4.51*	73.79±4.70*	68.84±4.62	12.34	<0.001
Postoperative six months
FEV1 (L)	2.11±0.39*	2.21±0.41*	1.98±0.37	8.15	<0.001
FVC (L)	2.90±0.51	2.96±0.53	2.85±0.50	1.79	0.168
FEV1/FVC (%)	72.82±4.41*	74.50±4.63*	69.52±4.48	12.28	<0.001
Postoperative one year
FEV1 (L)	2.14±0.40*	2.24±0.42*	1.97±0.38	8.91	<0.001
FVC (L)	2.93±0.52	3.00±0.54	2.86±0.51	1.96	0.142
FEV1/FVC (%)	73.02±4.31*	74.73±4.51*	68.91±4.42	14.01	<0.001

Time point/Variable	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1
FEV1 (L)	1.52±0.31	1.49±0.33	1.51±0.32	0.21	0.812
FVC (L)	2.18±0.41	2.15±0.43	2.17±0.42	0.15	0.861
FEV1/FVC (%)	69.81±5.20	69.33±5.52	69.60±5.29	0.24	0.787
Postoperative 4 weeks
FEV1 (L)	1.78±0.33	1.85±0.35*	1.71±0.32	4.12	0.017
FVC (L)	2.52±0.45	2.58±0.47	2.48±0.44	1.45	0.236
FEV1/FVC (%)	70.62±4.81	71.70±5.11*	68.94±4.92	3.78	0.024
Postoperative 12 weeks
FEV1 (L)	2.05±0.38*	2.15±0.40*	1.92±0.36	9.85	<0.001
FVC (L)	2.85±0.50	2.91±0.52	2.79±0.49	1.92	0.148
FEV1/FVC (%)	71.90±4.51*	73.79±4.70*	68.84±4.62	12.34	<0.001
Postoperative six months
FEV1 (L)	2.11±0.39*	2.21±0.41*	1.98±0.37	8.15	<0.001
FVC (L)	2.90±0.51	2.96±0.53	2.85±0.50	1.79	0.168
FEV1/FVC (%)	72.82±4.41*	74.50±4.63*	69.52±4.48	12.28	<0.001
Postoperative one year
FEV1 (L)	2.14±0.40*	2.24±0.42*	1.97±0.38	8.91	<0.001
FVC (L)	2.93±0.52	3.00±0.54	2.86±0.51	1.96	0.142
FEV1/FVC (%)	73.02±4.31*	74.73±4.51*	68.91±4.42	14.01	<0.001

Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1	352.62±42.50	348.91±43.23	350.80±41.85	0.18	0.837
Postoperative 4 weeks	408.50±46.31	418.17±47.82*	397.14±45.51	3.42	0.034
Postoperative 12 weeks	452.63±49.14*	468.42±50.69*	442.32±48.24	4.86	0.008
Postoperative 6 months	457.20±49.31*	470.82±50.90*	445.13±48.72	5.31	0.005
Postoperative 1 year	460.53±48.81*	476.79±50.51*	448.90±47.63	5.12	0.006

八段锦、床旁功率自行车与吹气球训练对肺癌患者胸腔镜术后肺功能恢复效果的比较：一项随机对照试验

Effects of Baduanjin, bedside cycle ergometer and balloon-blowing training on pulmonary function recovery following thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial

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Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1	5.24±1.31	5.30±1.40	5.40±1.31	0.45	0.639
Postoperative 4 weeks	2.93±1.10*^△	3.23±1.24	3.62±1.29	4.32	0.014
Postoperative 12 weeks	1.64±0.93*^△	2.09±1.04*	2.61±1.13	5.87	0.003
Postoperative 6 months	1.49±0.80*^△	2.04±0.92*	2.49±1.02	5.43	0.005
Postoperative 1 year	1.38±0.79*^△	1.87±0.91*	2.42±1.04	5.12	0.006

Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1	4.65±1.05	4.72±1.12	4.68±1.08	0.11	0.896
Postoperative 4 weeks	2.52±0.88*	2.95±0.96	3.28±1.04	5.82	0.003
Postoperative 12 weeks	1.35±0.66*^△	1.88±0.79*	2.47±0.92	9.76	<0.001
Postoperative 6 months	1.26±0.64*^△	1.80±0.77*	2.41±0.90	9.24	<0.001
Postoperative 1 year	1.18±0.61*^△	1.72±0.75*	2.35±0.88	8.93	<0.001

Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1
CD4⁺/CD8⁺	1.15±0.28	1.12±0.30	1.14±0.29	0.32	0.726
IgA (g/L)	1.92±0.45	1.88±0.47	1.90±0.46	0.25	0.779
IgG (g/L)	10.35±2.15	10.28±2.20	10.32±2.18	0.04	0.961
Postoperative 4 weeks
CD4⁺/CD8⁺	1.38±0.31*	1.25±0.29	1.18±0.28	4.25	0.015
IgA (g/L)	2.18±0.43*	2.05±0.41	1.92±0.39	3.98	0.020
IgG (g/L)	11.45±2.10*	10.95±2.06	10.65±2.04	3.72	0.025
Postoperative 12 weeks
CD4⁺/CD8⁺	1.58±0.33*^△	1.38±0.31*	1.22±0.29	4.85	0.008
IgA (g/L)	2.48±0.45*	2.22±0.43	2.05±0.41	4.52	0.012
IgG (g/L)	12.55±2.15*^△	11.55±2.09*	11.05±2.06	4.28	0.015
Postoperative 6 months
CD4⁺/CD8⁺	1.56±0.32*^△	1.36±0.30*	1.21±0.28	4.72	0.009
IgA (g/L)	2.46±0.44*	2.20±0.42	2.03±0.40	4.41	0.013
IgG (g/L)	12.45±2.14*^△	11.48±2.07*	11.00±2.05	4.20	0.016
Postoperative 1 year
CD4⁺/CD8⁺	1.55±0.32*^△	1.35±0.30*	1.20±0.28	4.65	0.010
IgA (g/L)	2.45±0.44*	2.18±0.42	2.02±0.40	4.35	0.014
IgG (g/L)	12.35±2.13*^△	11.42±2.08*	10.95±2.05	4.12	0.017

Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1	0.98±0.25	1.02±0.27	1.00±0.26	0.42	0.657
Postoperative 4 weeks	1.22±0.28	1.45±0.31*	1.15±0.27	3.12	0.045
Postoperative 12 weeks	1.45±0.32*	1.72±0.35*^△	1.25±0.30	4.35	0.013
Postoperative 6 months	1.46±0.31*	1.73±0.34*^△	1.26±0.29	4.26	0.015
Postoperative 1 year	1.48±0.31*	1.75±0.34*^△	1.28±0.29	4.18	0.016

Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n=117)	F	P
Postoperative day 1	58.34±8.51	57.93±8.80	58.12±8.56	0.07	0.933
Postoperative 4 weeks	72.63±9.19*	68.50±9.04	65.84±8.90	4.85	0.008
Postoperative 12 weeks	85.41±8.80*^△	78.93±9.08*	73.53±9.31	9.63	<0.001
Postoperative 6 months	85.83±8.62*^△	79.14±9.04*	73.76±9.10	9.85	<0.001
Postoperative 1 year	86.24±8.50*^△	79.33±8.92*	74.14±9.22	10.25	<0.001

Time point	Baduanjin group (n=108)	Bedside cycle ergometer training group (n=109)	Balloon-blowing training group (n＝117)	F	P
Postoperative 4 weeks	92.50±6.81*^△	85.32±9.21	78.61±11.50	8.95	<0.001
Postoperative 12 weeks	88.69±8.22*^△	79.23±10.57*	72.44±13.82	12.34	<0.001
Postoperative 6 months	87.52±8.91*^△	78.04±11.50*	70.91±14.48	11.62	<0.001
Postoperative 1 year	86.34±9.50*^△	76.82±12.33*	69.54±15.23	10.87	<0.001

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