Journal of Southern Medical University ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1915-1925.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.08.19
Prognostic value of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 in gastric cancer and its regulatory role in tumor cell lipid metabolism
Bingyi HUANG1,2,3(
), Yujie GAO1,2,3, Jingyi XIE1,2,3, Chen YAN2,3, Mengru GU2,3, Zhizhi ZHANG2,3, Jintao GUO1,2,3, Song LIU1,2,3, Ziliang WANG1,2,3, Yuping YANG4, Lugen ZUO1,2, Deli CHEN1,2()
- 1.Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, China
2.Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, China
3.Graduate School of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
4.Bengbu Hospital of Comprehensive Regional Medical Center (Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University), Bengbu 233004, China
-
Received:2025-12-08Online:2026-08-20Published:2026-08-01 -
Contact:Deli CHEN E-mail:huangbingyi1005@163.com;13965295950@139.com
Cite this article
Bingyi HUANG, Yujie GAO, Jingyi XIE, Chen YAN, Mengru GU, Zhizhi ZHANG, Jintao GUO, Song LIU, Ziliang WANG, Yuping YANG, Lugen ZUO, Deli CHEN. Prognostic value of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 in gastric cancer and its regulatory role in tumor cell lipid metabolism[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(8): 1915-1925.
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Fig.1 Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) is highly expressed in gastric carcinoma (GC) tissues. A: Expression of PPT1 in human malignant tumors. B, C: Differential expression of PPT1 mRNA between gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and normal adjacent tissues (based on the TCGA-STAD cohort). D, E: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of PPT1 in paired gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues (n=136). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
Fig.1 Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) is highly expressed in gastric carcinoma (GC) tissues. A: Expression of PPT1 in human malignant tumors. B, C: Differential expression of PPT1 mRNA between gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and normal adjacent tissues (based on the TCGA-STAD cohort). D, E: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of PPT1 in paired gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues (n=136). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
Tab.1 Correlation between PPT1 expression levels and clinico-pathological parameters in gastric cancer
| Factor | n | PPT1 expression [(n (%)] | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n=68) | High (n=68) | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 80 | 43 (53.8%) | 37 (46.2%) | 1.093 | 0.296 |
| Female | 56 | 25 (44.6%) | 31 (55.4%) | ||
| Age (year) | |||||
| <60 | 45 | 22 (48.9%) | 23 (51.1%) | 0.033 | 0.855 |
| ≥60 | 91 | 46 (50.5%) | 45 (49.5%) | ||
| CEA (μg/L) | |||||
| <5 | 59 | 41 (69.5%) | 18 (30.5%) | 15.836 | <0.001 |
| ≥5 | 77 | 27 (35.1%) | 50 (64.9%) | ||
| CA19-9 (kU/L) | |||||
| <37 | 50 | 35 (70.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 12.651 | <0.001 |
| ≥37 | 86 | 33 (38.4%) | 53 (61.6%) | ||
| Histological type | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 99 | 52 (52.5%) | 47 (47.5%) | 0.928 | 0.335 |
| Other | 37 | 16 (43.2%) | 21 (56.8%) | ||
| Pathological grading | |||||
| G1-G2 | 48 | 25 (52.1%) | 23 (47.9%) | 0.129 | 0.720 |
| G3-G4 | 88 | 43 (48.9%) | 45 (51.1%) | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | |||||
| <5 | 57 | 30 (52.6%) | 27 (47.4%) | 0.272 | 0.602 |
| ≥5 | 79 | 38 (48.1%) | 41 (51.9%) | ||
| T stage | |||||
| T1-T2 | 61 | 42 (68.9%) | 19 (31.1%) | 15.725 | <0.001 |
| T3-T4 | 75 | 26 (34.7%) | 49 (65.3%) | ||
| N stage | |||||
| N0-N1 | 63 | 41 (65.1%) | 22 (34.9%) | 10.675 | 0.001 |
| N2-N3 | 73 | 27 (37.0%) | 46 (63.0%) | ||
Tab.1 Correlation between PPT1 expression levels and clinico-pathological parameters in gastric cancer
| Factor | n | PPT1 expression [(n (%)] | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n=68) | High (n=68) | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 80 | 43 (53.8%) | 37 (46.2%) | 1.093 | 0.296 |
| Female | 56 | 25 (44.6%) | 31 (55.4%) | ||
| Age (year) | |||||
| <60 | 45 | 22 (48.9%) | 23 (51.1%) | 0.033 | 0.855 |
| ≥60 | 91 | 46 (50.5%) | 45 (49.5%) | ||
| CEA (μg/L) | |||||
| <5 | 59 | 41 (69.5%) | 18 (30.5%) | 15.836 | <0.001 |
| ≥5 | 77 | 27 (35.1%) | 50 (64.9%) | ||
| CA19-9 (kU/L) | |||||
| <37 | 50 | 35 (70.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 12.651 | <0.001 |
| ≥37 | 86 | 33 (38.4%) | 53 (61.6%) | ||
| Histological type | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 99 | 52 (52.5%) | 47 (47.5%) | 0.928 | 0.335 |
| Other | 37 | 16 (43.2%) | 21 (56.8%) | ||
| Pathological grading | |||||
| G1-G2 | 48 | 25 (52.1%) | 23 (47.9%) | 0.129 | 0.720 |
| G3-G4 | 88 | 43 (48.9%) | 45 (51.1%) | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | |||||
| <5 | 57 | 30 (52.6%) | 27 (47.4%) | 0.272 | 0.602 |
| ≥5 | 79 | 38 (48.1%) | 41 (51.9%) | ||
| T stage | |||||
| T1-T2 | 61 | 42 (68.9%) | 19 (31.1%) | 15.725 | <0.001 |
| T3-T4 | 75 | 26 (34.7%) | 49 (65.3%) | ||
| N stage | |||||
| N0-N1 | 63 | 41 (65.1%) | 22 (34.9%) | 10.675 | 0.001 |
| N2-N3 | 73 | 27 (37.0%) | 46 (63.0%) | ||
Fig.2 Association of PPT1 expression levels with 5-year survival of GC patients after radical gastrectomy. A: Progression-free survival of the patients. B: Overall survival of the patients. C: Postoperative survival of patients with high and low PPT1 expression (n=136).
Fig.2 Association of PPT1 expression levels with 5-year survival of GC patients after radical gastrectomy. A: Progression-free survival of the patients. B: Overall survival of the patients. C: Postoperative survival of patients with high and low PPT1 expression (n=136).
Fig.3 Independent determinants of 5-year survival in GC patients after radical gastrectomy (n=136).
Fig.3 Independent determinants of 5-year survival in GC patients after radical gastrectomy (n=136).
Fig.4 Construction and internal validation of a nomogram for predicting 5-year survival in GC patients after radical gastrectomy. A: Prognostic nomogram. B: Calibration curve (n=136).
Fig.4 Construction and internal validation of a nomogram for predicting 5-year survival in GC patients after radical gastrectomy. A: Prognostic nomogram. B: Calibration curve (n=136).
Fig.5 Prediction of 5-year survival of GC patients after radical gastrectomy based on PPT1 expression level (n=136).
Fig.5 Prediction of 5-year survival of GC patients after radical gastrectomy based on PPT1 expression level (n=136).
Fig.6 Enrichment analysis of PPT1 and correlation analysis of immune infiltration. A: GO analysis of PPT1 in GC. B: REACTOME analysis of PPT1 in GC. C: Correlation analysis of PPT1 with immune cell infiltration in the TIMER database.
Fig.6 Enrichment analysis of PPT1 and correlation analysis of immune infiltration. A: GO analysis of PPT1 in GC. B: REACTOME analysis of PPT1 in GC. C: Correlation analysis of PPT1 with immune cell infiltration in the TIMER database.
Fig.7 PPT1 overexpression enhances proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. A, B: Proliferation curves showing that PPT1 knockdown inhibits (A) while PPT1 overexpression promotes (B) cell growth. C-H: Transwell assays demonstrating that PPT1 knockdown suppresses and its overexpression enhances cell migration and invasion. *P<0.05 vs sh-NC group/LV-NC group (n=3).
Fig.7 PPT1 overexpression enhances proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. A, B: Proliferation curves showing that PPT1 knockdown inhibits (A) while PPT1 overexpression promotes (B) cell growth. C-H: Transwell assays demonstrating that PPT1 knockdown suppresses and its overexpression enhances cell migration and invasion. *P<0.05 vs sh-NC group/LV-NC group (n=3).
Fig.8 Effect of PPT1 expression level on lipid metabolism in GC cells. A: Expression of PPT1 in GC tissues is positively correlated with expressions of FASN and SREBP-1 in the GEPIA database. B-D: Expressions of FASN and SREBP-1 protein in GC cells (n=3). E: Representative images of lipid droplets in GC cells from each group detected by Oil Red O staining. F, G: Statistical analysis of the area positive for Oil Red O staining (n=3). *P<0.05 vs sh-NC group/LV-NC group.
Fig.8 Effect of PPT1 expression level on lipid metabolism in GC cells. A: Expression of PPT1 in GC tissues is positively correlated with expressions of FASN and SREBP-1 in the GEPIA database. B-D: Expressions of FASN and SREBP-1 protein in GC cells (n=3). E: Representative images of lipid droplets in GC cells from each group detected by Oil Red O staining. F, G: Statistical analysis of the area positive for Oil Red O staining (n=3). *P<0.05 vs sh-NC group/LV-NC group.
Fig.9 Effects of PPT1 on the ERK signaling pathway and lipid metabolism in GC cells (n=3). A-C: Impact of PPT1 expression on the ERK signaling pathway. D, E: Effect of U0126 on the ERK signaling pathway and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in GC cells. F: Representative images of lipid droplets in GC cells from each group detected by Oil Red O staining. G: Statistical analysis of the area positive for Oil Red O staining. *P<0.05.
Fig.9 Effects of PPT1 on the ERK signaling pathway and lipid metabolism in GC cells (n=3). A-C: Impact of PPT1 expression on the ERK signaling pathway. D, E: Effect of U0126 on the ERK signaling pathway and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in GC cells. F: Representative images of lipid droplets in GC cells from each group detected by Oil Red O staining. G: Statistical analysis of the area positive for Oil Red O staining. *P<0.05.
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