南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2130-2148.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.09.13
• • 上一篇
李梦佳1,2(
), 汪梦哲1,2, 陶宇2,3, 庞懿轩2,3, 李丽1,2, 张小楠1,2(
), 赵士弟1,2(
)
收稿日期:2026-01-23
出版日期:2026-09-20
发布日期:2026-09-30
通讯作者:
张小楠,赵士弟
E-mail:2325510327@qq.com;zhangxn@bbmu.edu.cn;zhsdi@126.com
作者简介:李梦佳,在读硕士研究生,E-mail: 2325510327@qq.com
基金资助:
Mengjia LI1,2(
), Mengzhe WANG1,2, Yu TAO2,3, Yixuan PANG2,3, Li LI1,2, Xiaonan ZHANG1,2(
), Shidi ZHAO1,2(
)
Received:2026-01-23
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-09-30
Contact:
Xiaonan ZHANG, Shidi ZHAO
E-mail:2325510327@qq.com;zhangxn@bbmu.edu.cn;zhsdi@126.com
摘要:
目的 探讨金雀异黄酮(GEN)通过PI3K/AKT/COX-2信号通路减轻脑缺血/再灌注诱导的小胶质细胞神经炎症反应,并阐明其对共培养神经元的保护作用。 方法 在体实验采用 SD大鼠构建I/R模型,分为对照组(CON组)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)、不同剂量GEN预处理组(I/R+GEN25/50/100 mg/kg),10只/组,检测小胶质细胞极化标志物(CD86、CD206)、炎症因子及PI3K、AKT、COX-2表达。离体实验选用BV2细胞建立OGD/R模型,筛选GEN无毒性浓度,实验分为正常培养组(CON组)、氧糖剥夺/复氧模型组(OGD/R组)、GEN干预组(OGD/R+GEN组)、PI3K敲低模型组(si-PI3K+OGD/R组)、PI3K敲低联合GEN干预组(si-PI3K+OGD/R+GEN组)、PI3K激动剂模型组(740Y-P+OGD/R组)以及PI3K激动剂联合GEN干预组(740Y-P+OGD/R+GEN组),检测小胶质细胞极化表型变化、炎症因子与PI3K、AKT、COX-2表达。神经元-小胶质细胞共培养体系检测神经元凋亡率、细胞活性以及相关凋亡蛋白的表达变化。 结果 与CON组比,I/R组小胶质细胞呈M1型极化(CD86、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α、PI3K、AKT、COX-2上调,IL-4、TGF-β下调,P<0.0001)。GEN干预可逆转此现象,抑制M1极化、促炎因子及PI3K/AKT/COX-2通路,促进M2极化(CD206、IL-5、IL-10、IL-4、TGF-β上调,P<0.01)。COX-2抑制剂(Celecoxib)效果与GEN类似,均能下调M1标志物及TNF-α、PI3K、AKT、COX-2,上调M2标志物与TGF-β(P<0.0001)。OGD/R诱导的小胶质细胞M1极化与促炎反应同样被GEN抑制,表现为CD86、IL-1β、IL-6下调,CD206、IL-4、IL-10上调(P<0.01)。敲低PI3K模拟了GEN的保护效应(M1/促炎因子下调,M2/抗炎因子上调,P<0.05),而激活PI3K(740Y-P)则抵消了GEN的部分效果。在神经元-小胶质细胞共培养体系中,GEN处理降低OGD/R诱导的神经元凋亡率,恢复细胞活力,并伴随Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax下调及Bcl-2、BDNF上调(P<0.05)。 结论 GEN下调PI3K/AKT/COX-2通路调控小胶质细胞向M2型极化,减轻脑缺血/再灌注诱导的神经炎症损伤。
李梦佳, 汪梦哲, 陶宇, 庞懿轩, 李丽, 张小楠, 赵士弟. 金雀异黄酮通过PI3K/AKT/COX-2信号通路调控小胶质细胞极化减轻大鼠脑缺血/再灌注诱导的炎性损伤[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(9): 2130-2148.
Mengjia LI, Mengzhe WANG, Yu TAO, Yixuan PANG, Li LI, Xiaonan ZHANG, Shidi ZHAO. Genistein alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory injury in rats by regulating microglial polarization via the PI3K/AKT/COX-2 signaling pathway[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(9): 2130-2148.
| Name | Primer sequence 5'-3' |
|---|---|
| IL-4 | F: GGTCTCAACCCCCAGCTAGT R: GCCGATGATCTCTCTCAAGTGAT |
| IL-6 | F: CTTCTTGGGACTGATGCTGGTGAC R: TCTGTTGGGAGTGGTATCCTCTGTG |
| IL-10 | F: TCCCTGGGTGAGAAGCTGAAGAC R: CACCTGCTCCACTGCCTTGC |
| IL-1β | F: CACTACAGGCTCCGAGATGAACAAC R: TGTCGTTGCTTGGTTCTCCTTGTAC |
| COX-2 | F: TTCAACACACTCTATCACTGGC R: AGAAGCGTTTGCGGTACTCAT |
| PI3K | F: CGAGAAGACGTGGAATGTCG R: GACTTCGCCGTCTACCACTA |
| AKT | F: GCCTCTGCTTTGTCATGGAG R: AGCATGAGGTTCTCCAGCTT |
| β-actin | F: GGCTGTATTCCCCTCCATCG R: CCAGTTGGTAACAATGCCATGT |
| Caspase-3 | F: GTCATCTCGCTCTGGTACGG R: CACACACACAAAGCTGCTCC |
| Bcl-2 | F: CTTCTCTCGTCGCTACCGTC R: CAATCCTCCCCCAGTTCACC |
| Bax | F: CACCTGAGCTGACCTTGGAG R: CAAACATGTCAGCTGCCACC |
| BDNF | F: TACCTGGATGCCGCAAACAT R: CCAGACATGTCCACTGCAGT |
| β-actin | F: TATAAAACCCGGCGGCGCA R: TCATCCATGGCGAACTGGTG |
| TNF-α | F: CGTCAGCCGATTTGCCATTT R: TCCCTCAGGGGTGTCCTTAG |
| IL-1β | F: ACAACTGCACTACAGGCTCC R: GCTTGGGATCCACACTCTCC |
| IL-6 | F: GCAAGAGACTTCCAGCCAGT R: AGTCTCCTCTCCGGACTTGT |
| IL-5 | F: GGATGCTTCTGTGCTTGAACG R: TCAACAGAGCTCGGTGAGTG |
| IL-10 | F: CCCTGTAGCCACCCAACAAA R: GCAAGAGATCTGACTCCGGG |
| IL-8 | F: CTCTGCTCACAAACAGCGTC R: TCTCTGAGTGGCATGGGACA |
| IL-4 | F: GTACCGGGAACGGTATCCAC R: GTGAGTTCAGACCGCTGACA |
| TGF-β | F: AGGGCTACCATGCCAACTTC R: CCACGTAGTAGACGATGGGC |
| PGE2 | F: GCTCCTTGCCTTTCACAATCT R: AGGACCGGTGGCCTAAGTAT |
表1 引物合成序列信息
Tab.1 Primer sequences for RT-qPCR
| Name | Primer sequence 5'-3' |
|---|---|
| IL-4 | F: GGTCTCAACCCCCAGCTAGT R: GCCGATGATCTCTCTCAAGTGAT |
| IL-6 | F: CTTCTTGGGACTGATGCTGGTGAC R: TCTGTTGGGAGTGGTATCCTCTGTG |
| IL-10 | F: TCCCTGGGTGAGAAGCTGAAGAC R: CACCTGCTCCACTGCCTTGC |
| IL-1β | F: CACTACAGGCTCCGAGATGAACAAC R: TGTCGTTGCTTGGTTCTCCTTGTAC |
| COX-2 | F: TTCAACACACTCTATCACTGGC R: AGAAGCGTTTGCGGTACTCAT |
| PI3K | F: CGAGAAGACGTGGAATGTCG R: GACTTCGCCGTCTACCACTA |
| AKT | F: GCCTCTGCTTTGTCATGGAG R: AGCATGAGGTTCTCCAGCTT |
| β-actin | F: GGCTGTATTCCCCTCCATCG R: CCAGTTGGTAACAATGCCATGT |
| Caspase-3 | F: GTCATCTCGCTCTGGTACGG R: CACACACACAAAGCTGCTCC |
| Bcl-2 | F: CTTCTCTCGTCGCTACCGTC R: CAATCCTCCCCCAGTTCACC |
| Bax | F: CACCTGAGCTGACCTTGGAG R: CAAACATGTCAGCTGCCACC |
| BDNF | F: TACCTGGATGCCGCAAACAT R: CCAGACATGTCCACTGCAGT |
| β-actin | F: TATAAAACCCGGCGGCGCA R: TCATCCATGGCGAACTGGTG |
| TNF-α | F: CGTCAGCCGATTTGCCATTT R: TCCCTCAGGGGTGTCCTTAG |
| IL-1β | F: ACAACTGCACTACAGGCTCC R: GCTTGGGATCCACACTCTCC |
| IL-6 | F: GCAAGAGACTTCCAGCCAGT R: AGTCTCCTCTCCGGACTTGT |
| IL-5 | F: GGATGCTTCTGTGCTTGAACG R: TCAACAGAGCTCGGTGAGTG |
| IL-10 | F: CCCTGTAGCCACCCAACAAA R: GCAAGAGATCTGACTCCGGG |
| IL-8 | F: CTCTGCTCACAAACAGCGTC R: TCTCTGAGTGGCATGGGACA |
| IL-4 | F: GTACCGGGAACGGTATCCAC R: GTGAGTTCAGACCGCTGACA |
| TGF-β | F: AGGGCTACCATGCCAACTTC R: CCACGTAGTAGACGATGGGC |
| PGE2 | F: GCTCCTTGCCTTTCACAATCT R: AGGACCGGTGGCCTAAGTAT |
图1 各组大鼠脑组织染色结果
Fig.1 HE staining of brain tissues of rats with sham operation (CON), cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and genistein (GEN) pretreatment before modeling (Scale bar=20 μm).
图2 GEN处理调控I/R诱导的BV2细胞极化状态
Fig.2 GEN regulates polarization of BV2 cells induced by I/R. A: Expression levels of CD86 and CD206 proteins in brain tissues of rats in different groups analyzed by Western blotting (n=6). B: Detection of mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-5, and IL-10 levels by RT-qPCR (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001.
图3 各组大鼠脑组织中 CD86 和 CD206 的水平
Fig.3 Expression levels of CD86 and CD206 in brain tissues of rats in different groups detected by immunofluorescence staining (n=6). A: CD86 staining (Original magnification: ×200). B: CD206 staining (×200). C: Average fluorescence intensity of CD86. D: Average fluorescence intensity of CD206. ****P<0.0001.
图4 脑梗死体积的变化以及神经功能评分
Fig.4 Cerebral infarction volume and neurological deficit score of rats in different groups. A: TTC staining of brain tissue in each group. B: Neurological deficit score (n=6). C: Cerebral infarction volume (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
图5 GEN抑制PI3K/AKT/COX-2信号通路减轻神经炎症
Fig.5 Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/COX-2 signaling pathway by GEN alleviates neuroinflammation in rats with cerebral I/R injury. A: Analysis of expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and COX-2 proteins in each groups by Western blotting (n=6). B: Detection of mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, and TGF-β by RT-qPCR (n=6). ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.
图6 GEN通过PI3K/AKT/COX-2信号通路调控小胶质细胞的极化
Fig.6 GEN regulates polarization of microglia through the PI3K/AKT/COX-2 signaling pathway. A: Expression levels of CD86, CD206 and COX-2 proteins in the brain tissues of rats in each group detected by Western blotting (n=6). B: RT-qPCR for detecting mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and TGF-β (n=6). ****P<0.0001.
图7 各组大鼠脑组织中前列腺素的表达水平
Fig.7 Levels of PGE2 in brain tissues of rats in each group detected by immunofluorescence staining. A: Immunofluorescence staining for PGE2 in each group (×200). B: Quantitative analysis of PGE2 expression level in the brain tissues of the rats. C: Expression levels of PGE2 mRNA (n=6). ****P<0.0001.
图9 GEN处理调控OGD/R诱导的BV2细胞极化状态
Fig.9 GEN regulates polarization of BV2 cells induced by OGD/R. A: Western blotting of CD86 and CD206 proteins in the microglia in different groups (n=3). B: RT-qPCR for detecting IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA levels (n=3). C: Secreted levels of IL-1β and IL-4 in BV2 cell supernatants quantified by ELISA (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.
图10 各组BV2细胞CD86和CD206的水平。
Fig.10 Levels of CD86 and CD206 in BV2 cells in each group. A: Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative analysis of CD86 in each group (×200; n=3). B: Immunofluorescence imaging and quantitative analysis of CD206 in each group (×200; n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
图11 GEN经PI3K/AKT/COX-2信号轴调控小胶质细胞极化的机制验证
Fig.11 Verification of the role of the PI3K/AKT/COX-2 signaling pathway in mediating the regulatory effect of GEN on microglial polarization. A: Western blotting and RT-qPCR for verifying silencing efficiency of si-PI3K1/2/3 (n=3). B: Western blotting for detecting CD86 and CD206 protein expression in the microglia in different treatment groups (n=3). C: Western blotting for detecting phosphorylation levels of p-PI3K in the microglia in different groups (n=3). D: Western blotting of p-AKT protein in the microglia in different treatment groups (n=3). E: Western blotting analysis of COX-2 protein in the microglia in different treatment groups (n=3). F: Results of RT-qPCR for detecting mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines and PI3K/AKT/COX-2 pathway in the microglia (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.
图12 GEN依赖PI3K/AKT/COX-2信号轴促进BV2向M2极化:PI3K激动剂的协同效应
Fig.12 GEN-dependent PI3K/AKT/COX-2 signaling axis enhances M2 polarization in microglia: the synergistic effects of PI3K agonists. A: Western blotting of CD86 and CD206 proteins in the microglia in different groups (n=3). B: Western blotting of p-PI3K/PI3K proteins in the microglia in different groups (n=3). C: Western blotting of p-AKT/AKT protein in the microglia in different groups (n=3). D: Western blotting of COX-2 protein in the microglia in different groups (n=3). E: RT-qPCR for detecting mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines and PI3K/AKT/COX-2 pathway in the microglia in different groups (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
图13 Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法评估共培养体系细胞凋亡状态
Fig.13 Cell apoptosis of the co-cultured cells assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. A: Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining flow cytometry for detecting cell apoptosis in each group. B: Statistical analysis of cell apoptosis rates in each group (n=3). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
图14 BV2-HT22共培养体系中GEN调控小胶质细胞极化对神经元凋亡的保护作用
Fig.14 Protective effect of GEN-mediated regulation of microglial polarization on neuronal apoptosis in the BV2-HT22 co-culture system. A: Quantitative analysis of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blotting (n=3). B: Evaluation of Bcl-2 protein and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio using Western blotting (n=3). C: RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expressions of HT22 cell apoptosis-related genes (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) and BDNF (n=3). D: CCK-8 assay for assessing proliferation and viability of HT22 cells in different treatment groups (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
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