Abstract: Objective To compare the efficacy of robotic-assisted laparoscopic and conventional laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 10 patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch and 6 undergoing conventional laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation between June, 2013 and December, 2014 in the General Hospital of PLA. The indications, surgical techniques and outcomes of the two procedures were compared. Results All the patients completed the laparoscopic procedures without conversion to open surgery. Robotic-assisted and conventional laparoscopic procedures were comparable in terms of the mean operation time (165.50±52.57 vs 152.50±73.60 min), mean volume of blood loss (81.00±69.35 vs 46.67±31.41 mL), mean duration of catheter retention (6.75±1.74 vs 7.50±2.43 days), and mean postoperative hospital stay (7.10±2.08 vs 8.67±3.14 days). The patients were followed up for a mean of 13.5 months, during which none of the patients experienced anastomotic leak, vesicoureteral reflux or hydronephrosis. Conclusion There are no significant differences in surgical indications, surgical techniques or postoperative effect between robotic-assisted and conventional laparoscopic procedures of ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch, but robotic-assisted laparoscopy can reduced the complexity in operation and increase the surgical precision in patients with a history of pelvic surgery, pelvic adhesion or secondary reimplantation.