Abstract: Objective To assess the value of voiding urosonography (VUS) with SonoVue in evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux.
Methods Thirty-six pediatric patients (72 pyeloureter units [PUUs]) suspected of vesicoureteral reflux underwent both VUS
and fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). The sensitivity of VUS and VCUG and their consistency in detecting
vesicoureteral reflux as well as in grading vesicoureteral reflux were compared. Results Vesicoureteral reflux was detected in
26 of the 72 PUUs (36.1%) by VUS while in 21 PUUs (29.2%) by VCUG (P=0.347). The two modalities yielded the same results
for 65 PUUs (κ=0.843), showing a very good consistency between them. VUS also detected post-urethral valve in 2 patients via
transperineal scans. Conclusion VUS with Sonovue has at least comparable, if not better, sensitivity in detecting vesicoureteral
reflux with VCUG, and therefore should serve as the primary screening and follow-up modality for vesicoureteral reflux. In
addition, transperineal VUS can be helpful in evaluation of post-urethral lesions.