Abstract: Objective To assess the value of renal vein renin , plasma endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in predicting the therapeutic effect of percutaneous renal artery stenting. Methods Selective renal angiography was performed in 60 patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension. All the patients with obvious unilateral renal artery stenosis (lumen narrowing >or =50%) underwent percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stenting. Bilateral renal vein and inferior vena cava plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma ET, NO, and CGRP levels were measured and the two-year follow-up data of the patients analyzed. Results In all the patients, PRA in the ischemic kidney was significantly higher than that in the contralateral kidney (3.89±3.14 vs 2.01±1.93 nmol/L/h, P<0.05). After renal artery revascularization with stenting, PRA in the ischemic kidney was reduced obviously (P<0.05), which was significantly lower in patients with renal vein renin ratio (RVRR)>1.5 than in those with RVRR <1.5 (1.92±2.15 vs 2.42±0.56 nmol/L/h, P<0.05]. Plasma ET level was significantly higher, whereas plasma NO level significantly lower in patients with PVRR>1.5 (P<0.05). Greater improvement of blood pressure was observed in patients with RVRR>1.5 after two years than in those with RVRR< 1.5 (P<0.05). Conclusion The activity of penal vein renin, plasma ET, NO, and CGRP may provide valuable information for predicting the therapeutic effect of percutaneous renal artery stenting.