Abstract: Objective To review the experience in diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). Methods One hundred and twenty-five cases of hydrocephalus undergoing VPS were retrospective analyzed. Results The total incidence of complications was 36.8% in these patients, including 24 with shunt block, 9 with infections, 4 with intracranial hematoma, 5 with abdominal complications and 4 with other complications. Conclusions Iatrogenic factors, apart from the patient’s condition and the nature of disease, play an important role in the occurrence of the complications, and careful analysis of the causes may help decrease the incidence of the complications.