Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-diabetic subjects and compare the difference between male and female subjects. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey among 2142 community-based southern Chinese participants without diabetes from June to October 2012. We divided all the participants into 4 groups according to the gender-specific quartiles of WHR. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of WHR with CKD in these subjects. Results In the unadjusted model, WHR was significantly associated with CKD in women (OR=7.29, 95% CI: 3.56-16.32, P<0.001), and the association was still significant (OR=6.13, 95% CI: 2.56-15.20, P=0.003 ) after adjustment for the potential confounders (including age, history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, current smoker, physical inactivity, education level, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, serum high density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and BMI). The odds ratio (OR) for having CKD in the highest versus lowest quartile of WHR levels was 2.44 (95% CI: 0.98-4.97, P=0.103) in men in the unadjusted model. Conclusion WHR levels are associated with CKD in non-diabetic women but not in non-diabetic male subjects.