慢性术后痛小鼠痛行为时间动态特征及背根神经节关键物质筛选

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.03

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 23-33.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.03

慢性术后痛小鼠痛行为时间动态特征及背根神经节关键物质筛选

赵贝¹(), 吕政仪²(), 季丁汝¹, 田书心¹, 吴雨欣¹, 李星震¹, 周杰¹, 方剑乔¹, 梁宜¹()

^1.浙江省针灸神经病学重点实验室，浙江中医药大学第三临床医学院，浙江杭州 310053
^2.浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院针灸推拿科，浙江杭州 310016

收稿日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-16
通讯作者: 梁宜 E-mail:984722585@qq.com;aprilv_kuco@icloud.com;liangyiwww@126.com
作者简介:赵贝，硕士，中医师，E-mail: 984722585@qq.com
吕政仪，博士，中医师，E-mail: aprilv_kuco@icloud.com
第一联系人：共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82174510);浙江省基础公益研究计划(LY23H270007)

Temporal changes of chronic postsurgical pain in mice: the regulatory role of CX3CL1 in the dorsal root ganglion

Bei ZHAO¹(), Zhengyi LÜ²(), Dingru JI¹, Shuxin TIAN¹, Yuxin WU¹, Xingzhen LI¹, Jie ZHOU¹, Jianqiao FANG¹, Yi LIANG¹()

^1.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
^2.Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China

Received:2025-05-26 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-16
Contact: Yi LIANG E-mail:984722585@qq.com;aprilv_kuco@icloud.com;liangyiwww@126.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174510)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察慢性术后疼痛（CPSP）小鼠疼痛行为学指标的时间动态特征，并从背根神经节（DRG）层面初步筛选介导CPSP的关键物质。方法采用足底切口术（INC）联合足背注射前列腺素E2（PGE2）建立慢性术后疼痛小鼠（I/P）模型。根据手术方式与给药不同，将小鼠随机分为假手术+生理盐水组（SI/NS）、假手术+PGE2组（SI/PGE2）和手术+PGE2组（I/P），观察实验小鼠造模后不同时间点机械缩足阈（PWTs）、热缩足潜伏期（PWLs）和冷缩足反应时间（WDs）变化。根据给药和取材时间不同，将小鼠分为SI/NS组、模型第1天组、模型第8天组，利用RNA-Seq技术建立CPSP早期（PGE2诱导后第1天）和维持期（PGE2诱导后第8天）小鼠背根神经节基因表达谱，通过样本相关性分析、差异表达基因分析、富集分析筛选重要介导物质，采用RT-qPCR和ELISA检测目标物质基因及蛋白表达情况。根据手术方式与给药不同，将小鼠随机分为SI/P+Veh组、I/P+Veh组、I/P+药物组，通过鞘内注射CX3CL1中和抗体（Ab）或CX3CR1选择性拮抗剂（JMS-17-2）等药理学实验，探索下游相关受体的作用。结果 I/P小鼠足底切口疼痛在术后14 d内恢复，经PGE2二次诱发后PWTs持续降低至PGE2注射后第10天WDs持续延长至第12天；PWLs未发生持续性变化。生信分析显示，CPSP早期和维持期实验小鼠DRG差异表达基因为975、895个，共同参与介导的交集差异基因524个。富集分析表明“细胞膜”富集基因数目最多，涉102个基因；“质膜”富集显著性最大（P<0.001）；“CX3C 趋化因子受体结合”等条目富集因子最大（Rich Factor=1）。与SI/NS组相比，CPSP早期趋化因子相关差异基因中表达差异最大为Cx3cl1（FC _Cx3cl1 =2.08），其次为Cxcl14（FC _Cxcl14 =1.99）。RT-qPCR和ELISA结果显示CPSP早期I/P小鼠患侧DRG中Cx3cl1、Cxcl14基因和相关蛋白表达较SI/NS组增加（P<0.05），维持期小鼠则较早期组降低（P<0.05）。PGE2诱导前鞘内注射CX3CL1中和抗体可阻止CPSP发生。单次鞘内注射CX3CR1拮抗剂可一定程度翻转CPSP维持期疼痛。结论 CPSP小鼠机械痛觉异常、冷痛觉异常持续至PGE2注射后第10天，热痛觉敏化不显著。背根神经节趋化因子尤其是CX3CL1可能介导慢性术后疼痛发生。

关键词: 慢性术后疼痛, RNA-seq, 趋化因子, CX3CL1, CXCL14

Abstract:

Objective To observe temporal changes of pain-related behaviors in mice with chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and identify its key mediators in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Methods In mouse models of CPSP induced by plantar incision (INC) followed by a dorsal foot injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and sham-operated mice, mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs), thermal paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs), and cold withdrawal durations (WDs) were measured at different time points after modeling. Gene expression profiling of the DRG with RNA sequencing was performed on day 1 and day 8 after PGE2 injection. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the key mediators in the DRG for regulating CPSP, and the candidate genes and proteins were validated using RT-qPCR and ELISA. The effects of intrathecal injection of a CX3CL1-neuralizing antibody or JMS-17-2 (a CX3CR1 antagonist) on CPSP were observed. Results In CPSP mouse models, incision-induced pain was resolved within 14 days, and PWTs and WDs decreased progressively till day 10 and day 12 after PGE2 injection, respectively, without significant changes in PWLs. RNA-Seq identified 975 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on day 1 and 895 on day 8 following CPSP modeling, including 524 intersecting DEGs enriched in cell membrane, plasma membrane, and CX3C chemokine receptor binding. Cx3cl1 and Cxcl14 were the top two upregulated chemokine-related DEGs in early CPSP, whose mRNA and protein expression increased significantly in the ipsilateral DRG on day 1 but declined on day 8. Intrathecal injection of the CX3CL1-neutralizing antibody before PGE2 injection prevented CPSP development, while JMS-17-2 partially reversed CPSP during the maintenance phase. Conclusion This CPSP mouse model shows persistent mechanical and cold allodynia for at least 10 days after PGE2 injection without significant changes in heat hypersensitivity. CX3CL1 and related chemokine signaling in the DRG may contribute to the development of CPSP.

Key words: chronic postsurgical pain, RNA-seq, chemokine, CX3CL1, CXCL14

赵贝, 吕政仪, 季丁汝, 田书心, 吴雨欣, 李星震, 周杰, 方剑乔, 梁宜. 慢性术后痛小鼠痛行为时间动态特征及背根神经节关键物质筛选[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(1): 23-33.

Bei ZHAO, Zhengyi LÜ, Dingru JI, Shuxin TIAN, Yuxin WU, Xingzhen LI, Jie ZHOU, Jianqiao FANG, Yi LIANG. Temporal changes of chronic postsurgical pain in mice: the regulatory role of CX3CL1 in the dorsal root ganglion[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(1): 23-33.

图/表 8

表1 RT-qPCR引物序列

Tab.1 Primer sequences for RT-qPCR

Gene	Sequence (5′-3′)
Cx3cl1 forward	CAGAGGAGCAGGCAGGACAG
Cx3cl1 reverse	CTTCAGAGCAGGAGAGACCCATC
Cxcl14 forward	TCCGGTCAGCATGAGGCTCC
Cxcl14 reverse	CACCCTATTCTTCGTAGACC
Ccr5 forward	GTTGTTTTGGAGAACGCCCC
Ccr5 reverse	CAACACTGCTCCGAAACTGC
Il7 forward	CTAGCAACTGGCAAGGAGGAC
Il7 reverse	CCTGTAAGTGGAAGCATGGC
β-actin forward	ACTGGAACGGTGAAGGTGAC
β-actin reverse	AGAGAAGTGGGGTGGCTTTT

图1 CPSP模型的建立和小鼠疼痛行为学指标的变化

Fig.1 Temporal changes of pain-related behaviors in the mouse models of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). A: Schematic diagram of plantar incision for inducing CPSP in mice. B: Changes in mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) after plantar incision and after PGE2 injection in each group. C: Changes in thermal paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) after plantar incision and after PGE2 injection in each group. D: Changes in cold withdrawal durations (WDs) of the mice after plantar incision and after PGE2 injection. INC: Incision. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 I/P vs SI/NS; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 I/P vs SI/P; &&P<0.01 SI/P vs SI/NS.

图2 不同时间点I/P小鼠DRGs基因表达情况

Fig.2 Gene expression profile in dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) of the mice with CPSP at different time points. A: Heat map of correlation coefficient of each sample (Numbers in the box are Pearson correlation coefficients between the corresponding two samples). B: Heat map and hierarchical clustering of differential gene expression in each sample (P<0.05 and |log2FC|>0.3 were the threshold criteria for differentially expressed genes). C: Venn diagram of DEGs between groups.

图3 I/P小鼠DRGs交集差异基因GO和KEGG富集分析

Fig.3 GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes at the intersection DEGs in CPSP mice. A: GO enrichment bar chart of the intersection DEGs between Day1vs. SI/NS and Day8 vs. Day1 (Ranked by the number of significantly enriched genes). B: GO enrichment scatter plot of intersection DEGs. C: KEGG enrichment bar chart of intersection DEGs. D: KEGG enrichment scatter plot of intersection DEGs.

图4 不同时间点CPSP小鼠DRGs趋化因子相关基因表达情况

Fig.4 Expression of chemokine-related genes in DRGs of mice with CPSP at different time points. A: Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in day 1 and SI/NS groups (Chemokine-related genes are marked). B: Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in day 8 and day 1 groups. C: Table of differential genes associated with chemokines between the groups. All chemokine-related genes are extracted using GO terms.

图5 各组小鼠CPSP不同时期靶物质基因表达情况

Fig.5 Gene and protein expression of Cx3c11 and Cxc114 in different stages of CPSP. A: Cx3cl1 mRNA expression levels in ipsilateral DRGs of the mice at each time point. B: Cxcl14 mRNA expression levels in ipsilateral DRGs of the mice at each time point. C: CX3CL1 protein expression in ipsilateral DRGs of the mice at each time point. D: CXCL14 protein expression in ipsilateral DRGs of the mice at each time point. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

图6 各组实验小鼠鞘内注射CX3CL1中和抗体的镇痛效应

Fig.6 Intrathecal injection of CX3CL1 neutralizing antibody (5 µg/10 µL) 10 min prior to PGE2 injection significantly modulates mechanical PWTs in INC/PGE2 mice. **P<0.01 I/P+Veh vs SI/P+Veh group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 I/P+Ab vs I/P+Veh group; &P<0.05, &&P<0.01 I/P+Ab vs SI/P+Veh group. Ab: CX3CL1-neutralizing antibody; Veh: Vehicle, goat IgG control (1 µL/10 µL).

图7 选择性拮抗CX3CR1对实验小鼠痛行为的影响

Fig.7 Effects of intrathecal injection of JMS17-2 (75 µg/10 µL), a selective CX3CR1 antagonist, on Day 7 post-PGE2 injection, on PWTs in CPSP mice. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 I/P+Veh vs SI/P+Veh; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 I/P+JMS vs SI/P+Veh; &&P<0.01 I/P+JMS vs I/P+Veh. I/P: INC/PGE2; SI/P: Sham INC/PGE2; JMS: CX3CR1-selective antagonist JMS17-2; Veh: Corn oil vehicle.

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慢性术后痛小鼠痛行为时间动态特征及背根神经节关键物质筛选

Temporal changes of chronic postsurgical pain in mice: the regulatory role of CX3CL1 in the dorsal root ganglion

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