白纹伊蚊幼虫摄食量影响生长发育及对溴氰菊酯的抗药性

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.03.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨幼虫摄食量对白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus）生长发育及其对溴氰菊酯（DM）抗药性的影响，从而为蚊虫抗药性测定中幼虫饲养的食量标准化提供参考。方法将白纹伊蚊实验室抗性品系幼虫分为3组，分别按照高、中、低3个食量标准进行饲养。每组500只幼虫，其中1~2龄幼虫每天分别投放100、50、25 mg食物，3~4龄幼虫每天分别投放500、250、125 mg食物，记录幼虫发育时间、化蛹数及羽化数，并计算化蛹率和羽化率，同时测量成蚊体质量和翅长。此外使用幼虫浸渍法和成蚊接触筒法来测定蚊虫对溴氰菊酯的抗药性水平。结果不同食量组幼虫在发育时间、化蛹率和羽化率上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），幼虫的发育时间随食物摄入量的增加而缩短；高食量组和低食量组的化蛹率（χ ² =16.282、7.440）和羽化率（χ ² =4.093、6.977）均低于中食量组；成蚊体质量和翅长均与摄食量呈正相关（P<0.05）。溴氰菊酯对幼虫的半数致死浓度（LC₅₀）分别为0.110、0.072和0.064 mg/L，成蚊半数击倒时间（KDT₅₀）分别为97.404、68.964和65.005 min，作用24 h后成蚊死亡率分别为12%、16%和19%。结论幼虫阶段的摄食量会影响白纹伊蚊的生长发育及其对溴氰菊酯的抗药性，因此，规范幼虫摄食量将有助于不同实验室之间抗药性检测结果的可比性。

关键词: 白纹伊蚊, 抗药性, 幼虫食量, 溴氰菊酯

Abstract:

Objective To investigate how larval feeding regimens influence development and deltamethrin resistance of Aedes albopictus to provide evidence for standardizing larval feeding protocols in studies of insecticide resistance. Methods Aedes albopictus larvae of a laboratory resistant strain were divided into 3 groups (n=500) and reared with high, medium, and low food availability (100, 50, or 25 mg daily for the 1st and 2nd instars, and 500 mg 250, or 125 mg daily for 3rd and 4th instars). The developmental time, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, adult body weight, and wing length were recorded in each group, and deltamethrin resistance of the mosquitoes was assessed using larval bioassays and contact tube tests for adults. Results Significant developmental differences were observed across the 3 feeding groups. Larval development time decreased as the food availability increased, and both high- and low-food groups showed reduced pupation rates (χ²=16.282, 7.440) and emergence rates (χ²=4.093, 6.977) compared to the medium-food group. Adult body weight and wing length were positively correlated with the amount of larval food intake (P<0.05). In high, medium and low food intake groups, larval LC₅₀ values for deltamethrin were 0.110, 0.072 and 0.064 mg/L, adult KDT50 values were 97.404, 68.964 and 65.005 min, and adult mosquitoe mortality rates at 24 h after deltamethrin exposure were 12%, 16% and 19%, respectively. Conclusion The feeding amount during larval stage significantly impacts the development and deltamethrin resistance of Aedes albopictus, suggesting the importance of standardization of larval nutrition for ensuring comparability of resistance test data across laboratories.

Key words: Aedes albopictus, insecticide resistance, larval feeding, deltamethrin

王颖, 邓雯洋, 吴超梅, 田世焕, 李华. 白纹伊蚊幼虫摄食量影响生长发育及对溴氰菊酯的抗药性[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2025, 45(3): 488-493.

Ying WANG, Wengyang DENG, Chaomei WU, Shihuan TIAN, Hua LI. Effects of larval feeding amount on development and deltamethrin resistance in Aedes albopictus[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2025, 45(3): 488-493.

图/表 4

图1 不同食量条件下溴氰菊酯抗性白纹伊蚊幼虫发育情况

Fig.1 Development of deltamethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus larvae in different feeding groups. A: Developmental time. B: Survival rate. H: High feeding group. M: Medium feeding group. L: Low feeding group. *P<0.05 vs L feeding group, #P<0.05 vs M feeding group.

图2 不同食量条件下溴氰菊酯抗性白纹伊蚊成蚊的体质量和翅长

Fig.2 Weight and wing length of deltamethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus adult in different feeding groups. A: Weight. B: Wing length. H: High feeding group. M: Medium feeding group. L: Low feeding group. *P<0.05 vs L feeding group; #P<0.05 vs M feeding group.

表1 不同食量组白纹伊蚊幼虫对溴氰菊酯的抗性水平

Tab.1 Resistance level of Aedes albopictus larvae to deltamethrin in different feeding groups

Strain	Group	LC₅₀(mg/L)	95% CI (mg/L)	Toxicology regression equation	RR₅₀
Sensitive strain	H	0.00355	0.00334-0.00450	Y=6.357+2.594X	1.00
	M	0.00249	0.00195-0.00297	Y=7.035+2.702X	1.00
	L	0.00237	0.00185-0.00282	Y=7.511+2.861X	1.00
Resistant strain	H	0.11000	0.09600-0.12700	Y=2.807+2.929X	31.43
	M	0.07200	0.06200-0.08200	Y=3.400+2.972X	28.92
	L	0.06400	0.05700-0.07300	Y=4.472+3.753X	27.00

表2 不同食量组白纹伊蚊成蚊对溴氰菊酯的抗性水平

Tab.2 Resistance level of Aedes albopictus adult to deltamethrin in different feeding groups

Strain	Group	KDT₅₀(min)	95% CI (min)	Toxicology regression equation	KRR₅₀	CM (%)
Sensitive strain	H	17.611	16.204-18.965	Y=-6.069+4.871X	1.00	96
	M	16.055	14.749-17.315	Y=-5.989+4.968X	1.00	98
	L	14.613	13.291-15.876	Y=-5.419+4.653X	1.00	100
Resistant strain	H	97.404	77.919-173.593	Y=-9.338+4.696X	5.53	12
	M	68.964	62.428-81.038	Y=-9.588+5.215X	4.30	16
	L	65.005	58.715-75.574	Y=-7.517+4.146X	4.45	19

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