电针通过促进突触再生改善脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的学习记忆功能

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.12.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨电针百会、神庭对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经保护作用机制。方法将雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组和非穴组，12只/组。采用Longa法制备局灶性缺血损伤大鼠模型。电针干预大鼠百会、神庭穴7 d。观察大鼠神经功能缺损评分、脑梗死体积变化、学习记忆功能、海马CA1区病理变化、神经元及突触超微结构，并计数突触密度、血清血清γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、海马组织中GABA_ARα1、钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II（CaMKⅡ）、突触素1（SYN1）和突触后致密蛋白-95（PSD-95）蛋白及mRNA表达情况、SYN1和PSD-95表达水平。结果与模型组比较，电针组大鼠神经功能缺损评分降低（1.75±0.45 vs 1.50±0.67，P<0.05）；脑梗死体积降低（11.25±6.22 vs 3.51±2.21，P<0.05）；逃避潜伏期降低下降（62.65±5.12 vs 51.83±6.19，P<0.05）及穿越平台次数增加（1.17±0.75 vs 3.17±0.75，P<0.05）；缺血侧海马CA1区神经细胞数量增加；突触间隙宽度相对变小，突触小体相对增加（2.00±0.11 vs 4.00±0.25， P<0.05）；血清中GABA含量上升（3.90±0.75 vs 5.54±0.35，P<0.05）；海马组织中GABA_ARα1、SYN1和PSD-95 mRNA表达水平升高（P<0.05）；CaMKⅡ mRNA表达水平下降（P<0.05）。结论电针百会、神庭可改善脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠学习记忆功能，其机制可能通过促进突触再生，上调GABA_ARα1、SYN1和PSD-95表达，下调CaMKⅡ表达有关。

关键词: 脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤, 电针, 学习记忆功能, 突触再生, 突触可塑性

Abstract:

Objective To explore the neuroprotective mechanism of electroacupuncture at the acupoints Baihui and Shenting in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were equally randomized into sham operation group, cerebral IR model group, acupoint electroacupuncture group and non-acupoint acupuncture group. In the latter 3 groups, cerebral focal ischemic injury was induced using the Longa method; in the two electroacupuncture groups, electroacupuncture was performed either at the acupoints Baihui and Shenting or at non-acupoint sites for 7 days. The changes in neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarction volume, learning and memory function, pathologies in hippocampal CA1 area, neuronal and synaptic ultrastructures, and synaptic density of the rats were observed, and serum GABA level and mRNA and protein expressions of GABA_AR α1, CaMK II, SYN1 and PSD-95 in the hippocampal tissue were detected. Results Compared with those in cerebral IR model group, the rats receiving electroacupuncture at the acupoints, but not those with electroacupuncture at the non-acupoints, showed significantly decreased neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarction volume with shortened escape latency and increased platform crossings. Electroacupuncture at the acupoints significantly increased neuronal cell number, decreased the width of the synaptic gaps and increased density of synaptic bodies in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area, resulting also in increased serum GABA levels and hippocampal expressions of GABA_ARα1, SYN1 and PSD-95 and lowered expression level of CaMK II. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting improves learning and memory function of rats with cerebral IR injury possibly through a mechanism that promotes synaptic regeneration, upregulates hippocampal expressions of GABAAR α 1, SYN1 and PSD-95 and downregulates the expression of CaMK II.

Key words: cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, electroacupuncture, learning and memory function, synaptic regeneration, synaptic plasticity

林如辉, 夏金言, 马小涵, 李钻芳. 电针通过促进突触再生改善脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的学习记忆功能[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2024, 44(12): 2317-2326.

Ruhui LIN, Jinyan XIA, Xiaohan MA, Zuanfang LI. Electroacupuncture improves learning and memory function and promotes hippocampal synaptic regeneration in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2024, 44(12): 2317-2326.

图/表 10

表1 引物序列

Tab.1 Primer sequences for RT-qPCR

Gene	Primer sequences 5'-3'	Amplified size (bp)
GABA_ARα1	F: TGTCTTTGGAGTGACGACCG	187
GABA_ARα1	R: ATCCCACGCATACCCTCTCT
CaMKⅡ	F: AAGATGTGCGACCCTGGAAT	178
CaMKⅡ	R: ACTGAGTGATGCGGATGTAGG
SYN1	F: GGTGGATTCTCCGTGGACAT	142
SYN1	R: GCAGCCCAATGACCAAACTG
PSD-95	F: CAGTGAGACCGACGACATTG	199
PSD-95	R: GATGATGGGACGAGCATAGTG
GADPH	F: ACGGCAAGTTCAACGGCACAG	149
GADPH	R: AAGACGCCAGTAGACTCCACGAC

图1 Zea-Longa神经功能评分比较

Fig.1 Comparison of Zea-Longa neurological function scores among the 4 groups before and after the treatment. *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group. EA: Electroacupuncture at acupoints; NA: Electroacupuncture at non-acupoints.

图2 各组大鼠干预前后T2WI图及梗死体积比较

Fig.2 Comparison of T2WI and cerebral infarction volume among the 4 groups before and after the treatment. A: T2WI before and after intervention. Red area indicates cerebral infarction. B: Comparison of cerebral infarction volume.*P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

图3 各组大鼠逃避潜伏期和穿越逃生平台次数比较

Fig.3 Comparison of escape latency (A) and number of platform crossings (B) among the 4 groups. *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

图4 海马CA1区HE染色图

Fig.4 HE staining of the hippocampal CA1 region (Scale bar=50 μm). Arrows indicate the destroyed structure.

图5 缺血侧海马CA1区突触结构及突触小体数量

Fig.5 Transmission electron microscopy of the synaptic structure and synapsis number in the hippocampal CA1 region on the ischemic side. A: Synaptic ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 region. Arrows indicate the changed synaptic vesicle. B: Synapsis number in the hippocampal CA1 region on the ischemic side. *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

图6 血清中GABA含量比较

Fig.6 Comparison of serum GABA levels among the 4 groups. *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

图7 缺血侧海马GABAARα1、CaMK Ⅱ、SYN1和PSD-95 mRNA相对表达量比较

Fig.7 Comparison of relative expressions of GABAAR1, CaMK II, SYN1 and PSD-95 mRNA in the hippocampus on the ischemic side. *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

图8 缺血侧海马GABAARα1、CaMK Ⅱ、SYN1和PSD-95蛋白表达比较

Fig.8 Comparison of GABAAR1 (A), CaMK II (B), SYN1 (C) and PSD-95 protein (D) expressions in the hippocampus on the ischemic side detected by Western blotting. *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

图9 缺血侧海马CA1区SYN1、PSD-95免疫荧光表达比较

Fig.9 Immunofluorescence staining for SYN1 (A) and PSD-95 (B) in the CA1 region of the ischemic hippocampus in the 4 groups (Scale bar=50 μm). *P<0.05 vs Sham group; #P<0.05 vs MCAO/R group; △P<0.05 vs EA group.

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