南方医科大学学报

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (08): 1127-1133.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.08.09

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东方栓孔菌多糖对小鼠的降血糖和降血脂作用

周凌云，鲁 斌，孙 玉   

  • 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-20
  • 基金资助:

Glucose- lowering effect of Trametes orientalis polysaccharides in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic mice

  

  • Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-20

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摘要： 目的 探讨东方栓孔菌多糖组分的降血糖和降血脂作用。方法 东方栓孔菌粗多糖经DEAE纤维素柱分离，利用水和0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液冲洗，收集其中多糖含量较高的组分DEAE-水和DEAE-盐，两部分分别经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱得到4个多糖组分TOPW-1，TOPW-2，TOPS-1，TOPS-2。通过2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）法考察各多糖组分抗氧化活性，对紫外检测信号一致的收集液TOPW-1，TOPS-1利用HPGPC测定相对分子质量，对均一的TOPW-1通过酸水解结合HPLC分析测定单糖组成。体外检测TOPW-1，TOPS-1对DPP4（二肽基肽酶-4）抑制活性，脂肪细胞摄取葡萄糖能力和对胰脂肪酶的抑制活性，初步判断降糖作用，并建立高脂饲料高血脂小鼠模型和链脲霉素（STZ）高血糖小鼠模型，实验动物分为正常组，模型组，模型+TOPS-1高、中、低剂量组（0.1，0.2，0.4 g/kg），模型+丹参（0.5 g/kg）组和模型+消渴丸（5丸/kg）组，后两组为阳性对照组，灌胃给药。采用血糖测试仪和全自动生化分析仪分别测定血清血脂指标[总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）]和血糖水平，评价TOPS-1降血糖和降血脂作用，探讨可能的作用机制。结果 TOPW-1为均一组分，是由D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖及D-岩藻糖组成的多糖，但TOPW-1的抗氧化及体外降血糖作用均不显著。TOPS-1为非均一多糖，具有较强的抗氧化能力（在500 μg/mL浓度下，其清除率达到90.15%），对胰脂肪酶有一定的促进作用，进一步动物实验表明TOPS-1中剂量组（0.2 g/kg）能显著降低高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖值及高血脂小鼠的TC、TG和LDL-C含量，且给药过程中未出现小鼠死亡。TOPS-1低、高剂量组降血糖作用不显著，高剂量组给药存在一定增加小鼠死亡率的可能。结论 东方栓孔菌多糖具有抗氧化，降血糖和调血脂的作用，推测其降糖作用与降低氧化应激水平，减少糖尿病人脂肪代谢紊乱有关。

Abstract: Objective To explore the glucose-lowering effect of the polysaccharide fractions of Trametes orientalis. Methods The crude polysaccharides of T. orientalis were chromatographed on DEAE cellulose column using H2O and 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution as the eluent and DEAE-water and DEAE-salt with high polysaccharide contents were collected. The two fractions were separated using Sephadex G-100 gel column to obtain 4 polysaccharide fractions TOPW-1, TOPW-2, TOPS-1, and TOPS-2. The anti-oxidation activity of the polysaccharide fractions was investigated with ABTS method. The fractions TOPW-1 and TOPS-1 with consistent UV detection signals were collected and HPGPC was used to determine their relative molecular mass. The monosaccharide composition in homogeneous TOPW-1 was determined by acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC. The in vitro inhibitory activities of TOPW-1 and TOPS-1 against DPP4, adipocyte glucose intake and lipase activity were tested to preliminarily assess their glucose-lowering effect. In a mouse model of hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic, the glucose-lowering effect of TOPS-1 (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg) and its effect on blood lipid metabolism were investigated in comparison with Xiaoke pills (5 pills/kg) and Danshen tablets (0.5 g/kg). Results TOPW-1 was a homogeneous polysaccharide composed mainly of D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fucose, with weak antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. TOPS-1 was not a single polysaccharide and at the concentration of 500 μg/mL showed an high ABTS clearance rate (90.15%). In the mouse model of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, treatment with TOPS-1 (0.2 g/kg) enhanced the activity of lipase and significantly reduced fasting glucose level and serum contents of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol without causing death in the mice. The glucose-lowering effects of TOPS-1 was not significant at the low (0.1 g/kg) or high (0.4 g/kg) dose, and a high dose tended to increase the mortality of the mice. Conclusion T. orientalis polysaccharides have anti-oxidation, glucose-lowering and lipid-lowering effects in mice, and their glucose-lowering effect is probably medicated by reducing oxidative stress and ameliorating lipid metabolism disorder.