南方医科大学学报

南方医科大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (05): 733-740.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.20

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疫情严重地区居民对COVID-19的知识、态度、行为调查

胡友坤，张高强，李志浩，杨佳妮，莫丽君，张希如，熊莉莉，吴炜亮，毛 琛，杨杏芬   

  • 出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-05-20
  • 基金资助:

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 pandemic among residents in Hubei and Henan Provinces

  

  • Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-05-20

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摘要： 目的 分析疫情严重地区居民新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）相关的知识、态度和行为现况，以期为政府部门制定相关措施提供科学依据。方法 通过网络邀请湖北省及河南省等疫情严重地区居民作为研究对象，进行现况调查研究，调查时间为2020年2月21日12∶00时~2月23日12∶00时，调查内容包括居民的基本情况，对COVID-19的认知、态度和防控行为等，以及心理状态和生活状况。结果 问卷填写有效应答率为98.9%，调查对象的年龄M（P25，P75）为19（16，40）岁，学生占比为54.3%，调查对象最主要的疫情信息来源渠道是网络社交工具。调查对象对COVID-19可以在人际间传播和经呼吸道/飞沫传播的知晓率较高，但对COVID-19人群普遍易感及其具体症状知晓率相对较低，多因素分析结果显示，女性、学生和本科（大专）及以上学历群体对COVID-19的认知更为良好（P<0.05）；调查对象感到不同程度的担心、焦虑、恐慌等心理不适的比例达77.2%，表示需要心理干预的占比为16.7%；认为社会上对疫情严重地区人员返程存在偏见的调查对象达63.6%，而认为自己因身处疫情严重地区会受到偏见的调查对象占22.4%；调查对象感到疫情防护用品（口罩、75%酒精、84消毒液等）短缺的比例为69.4%；咳嗽或打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻、按照规范正确使用口罩、按照规范正确进行手部卫生、减少亲友聚会、减少前往公共场所这5种防护行为，执行率分别为 92.4%、95.9%、93.5%、88.8%、和93.1%，女性及认知良好的群体在防护行为方面表现更为良好（P<0.05）。结论 疫情严重地区居民对COVID-19相关的知识、态度和行为情况总体较好，网络平台对防控疫情相关信息的传播有着积极的作用。需加强防疫相关物资的保障，重视疫情期间居民的心理健康状态，并为有需要的人士提供心理疏导和心理防护工作。

Abstract: Objective To survey the residents for their understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in two hard hit provinces of China to facilitate the governmental decisions on strategies against the disease. Methods We invited the participants from Hubei and Henan Provinces of China for an internetbased survey starting from 12:00 on February 21, 2020 to 12:00 on February 23. The survey included the general conditions, KAP of COVID-19, psychological status and living conditions of the residents. Results The effective response rate of the questionnaire was 98.9%. The mean (P25, P75) age of the participants was 19 (16, 40) years, and 54.3% of them were students. Social media were the most important source of information concerning the pandemic of the respondents. The respondents had a high awareness of person-to-person transmission of the virus through the respiratory tract or droplets but showed a relatively low level of awareness of the population susceptible to COVID-19 and its specific symptoms. The results of multivariate analysis showed that women, undergraduate students (including college students) and higher degree holders had better knowledge of COVID-19 (P<0.05); the proportion of respondents who expressed to have different levels of psychological stressed such as worry, anxiety and panic reached 77.2% ; 16.7% of the responders considered psychological interventions necessary for their psychological conditions; 63.6% of the respondents confessed a bias against the people returning from Hubei and Henan provinces, while 22.4% worried that they might be biased because of their residence in Hubei and Henan. The rate of personal protective equipment shortage was as high as 69.4%; the rates of the responders who would "covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing", "properly use masks in accordance with regulations", "maintain proper hand hygiene ", "avoid gatherings with relatives and friends" and "refrain from going to public places" were 92.4%, 95.9%, 93.5%, 88.8% and 93.1%, respectively. Women and groups with good knowledge of the disease reported better protective behaviors against the diseases (P<0.05). Conclusions The residents in Hubei and Henan Provinces have generally good KAP related to COVID-19, and the online platforms plays a positive role to in circulating epidemic-related information. It is essential to further increase the supply of the protective materials and pay more attention to the mental health of the residents during the pandemic, and psychological counseling and psychological protection should be provided if necessary.