Objective To develop a novel multifunctional integrated diagnostic and therapeutic nanoprobes targeting breast cancer, MnO₂@DOX@Cancer Cell Membrane (MDC), evaluate its basic properties, and explore its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capabilities and chemotherapy effects. Methods MnO₂ with a favorable morphology was synthesized. The cell membrane of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells was obtained using chemical lysis and ultrasonic fragmentation techniques. A lipid extrusion method was used to synthesize the cell membrane-modified nanoprobes MDC loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). Key properties of MDC, including morphology, surface potential, and particle size, were characterized, and its MRI capability was explored. The cytotoxic effects of MDC at different concentrations on tumor cells were observed to assess its inhibitory effect on breast cancer tumors in chemotherapy. The integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions at the cellular level were also verified. Results The nanoprobes MDC with a nanoflower-like structure were successfully synthesized, with a Zeta potential of -20±1.5 mV and an average particle size of 151.2 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging confirmed successful coating of the cell membrane onto the nanoprobes. MRI results showed that MDC exhibited excellent MRI T1 imaging ability in a simulated tumor microenvironment. Laser confocal microscopy experiments further confirmed that MDC had excellent homologous targeting capability. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that MDC significantly killed cancer cells. Conclusion This study successfully synthesized a multifunctional integrated diagnostic and therapeutic nanoprobes MDC, which exhibited excellent homologous targeting and anti-tumor effects in chemotherapy, significantly enhanced MRI imaging, and demonstrated integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions at the cellular level.

Objective To investigate the correlation between spontaneous neural activity and cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by self-injurious behavior utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Adult patients with MDD (DSM-5) were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June to December 2023. Adult patients were divided into MDD+NSSI group (n=29) and MDD-NSSI group (n=34). A healthy control group (HC, n=31), matched for age, gender, and education, was also recruited. All participants completed assessments (HAMD24, HAMA, C-SSRS, FASM), cognitive testing (ANT). This experiment analyzed the differences in brain functional activity and the statistically significant characteristics of brain regions among three groups by preprocessing the original image data of the subjects and extracting the fALFF values. Meanwhile, it explored the correlation between the signals of these brain regions and clinical data, revealing the potential link between brain functional abnormalities and clinical manifestations. Results In the MDD+NSSI group, the fALFF values were increased in the left middle frontal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus (P<0.05) but decreased in the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (P<0.05). In the MDD-NSSI group, a decrease was observed in the right precuneus (P<0.05). The fALFF value in the left middle frontal gyrus of the MDD+NSSI group was positively correlated with HAMD scores (r=0.418, P=0.024), while in the MDD-NSSI group, the fALFF value in the right precuneus was positively correlated with HAMD scores (r=0.357, P=0.038). Additionally, in the MDD+NSSI group, the fALFF value in the left middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the one year C-SSRS score (r=0.396, P=0.034), while that in the right middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the lifetime C-SSRS score (r=-0.390, P=0.037). Furthermore, the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri showed negative correlations with the efficiency of the alerting network in the ANT test (r=-0.473, P=0.010). Conclusion The abnormal neural activities in the left middle frontal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus of MDD+NSSI patients may reflect changes in impulse and emotion processing. The abnormalities in the anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate gyri show crossage consistency and affect alertness. The abnormality in the precuneus is only observed in MDD+NSSI patients, indicating different emotional and cognitive processing mechanisms in the two subtypes.

Objective To explore the diagnostic efficacy of 3.0T MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in lumbar disc degeneration and the correlation of clinical function. Methods A total of 85 patients with back and leg pain were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from January 2024 to June 2024. Routine MRI and DTI sequence scanning were performed on all patients. The Pfirrmann grading scale was used to evaluate the degeneration of intervertebral discs from L3 to S1. The severity of lumbar pain and dysfunction was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the nucleus pulposus region in each intervertebral disc from L3 to S1 were measured. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between FA and ADC values and Pfirrmann grading. ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of FA and ADC values for different grades of disc degeneration. Differences in VAS ODI, and JOA scores among patients with different Pfirrmann grades were compared. The linear correlation between FA and ADC values and VAS, ODI and JOA scores was analyzed. Results A total of 249 lumbar intervertebral discs were evaluated, with 63, 98, 60 and 28 discs classified as Pfirrmann grades II, III, IV, and V, respectively. There were significant differences in FA and ADC values among all grades (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration was highly positively correlated with FA values (r=0.858, P<0.001) and highly negatively correlated with ADC values (r=-0.764, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the diagnostic efficacy of FA and ADC values for differentiating grades II-III, III-IV and IV-V was 0.829, 0.906, 0.924 for FA and 0.776, 0.854, 0.869 for ADC, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations between FA and ADC values and VAS, ODI, and JOA scores (P<0.05). Conclusion 3.0 T MRI DTI can effectively and intuitively evaluate Pfirrmann grade and lumbar function of lumbar disc degeneration, which is helpful for clinical qualitative and quantitative diagnosis.

Objective To explore the construction of different peritumoral prediction models based on enhanced MRI radiomics, and to predict the 2-year PFS survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma patients before transarterial chemoembolization. Methods A total of 201 patients who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment in interventional radiology center from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. Patients included in the study underwent 3.0T enhanced MRI scan of upper abdomen one week before TACE. Based on the images of arterial phase, portal vein phase and delayed phase of enhanced MRI, the tumor region of interest (ROI) was delineated, and the tumor was expanded by 2, 4, 6 mm equidistantly, and the histological model of intra-tumor and different tumor weeks was constructed: intratumoral+peritumoral 2 mm model, intratumoral+peritumoral 4 mm model, intratumoral+peritumoral 6 mm model, Nomogram model. The effectiveness of the above model to understand the independent risk factors affecting prognosis and the prediction of survival rate were evaluated. Results In the training corhort and test corhort, the AUC efficiency of intra-tumor+peritumoral 6mm model was 0.997 and 0.966, respectively, and its intra-tumor+peritumoral 6mm model was better than intra-tumor+peritumoral 2 mm and 4 mm models. Combined with Nomogram model, intra-tumor+peritumoral 6 mm model showed good clinical predictive value; COX survival analysis showed that the predicted probability of intra-tumor+peritumoral 6 mm was an independent risk factor for PFS. Kaplan-Meier curve survival analysis showed that the prediction probability of intra-tumor+peritumoral 6 mm model was a risk factor affecting the prognosis (P<0.05), the median PFS in the high-risk group was 14.8 months (P<0.001) in the training corhort and the median PFS in the risk group was 12 months (P=0.001) in the test corhort. Conclusion The intra-tumor+peritumoral 6mm model based on enhanced MRI radiomics has good clinical application value in predicting the 2-year PFS survival rate before TACE, and it can become a new imaging biomarker in the future.

Objective To explore the relationship and clinical significance between ultrasound characteristics and the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, utilizing the National Center of Biotechnology Information and Gene Expression Profiting Interactive Analysis for comprehensive analysis to identify pertinent EMT genes. Gather information from 38 individuals identified with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast through pathology at Shanxi Medical University's First Hospital from September 2022 to August 2023, encompassing clinical symptoms and ultrasound characteristics, to investigate their connection with EMT gene expression. Results Nine EMT genes were chosen in total. Notably, the expression level of VIM in patients over 50 years old or with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of the EMT genes VIM, MMP2, ZEB1, and ZEB2 were negatively correlated with PI (r=-0.500, -0.424, -0.548, -0.561, P<0.05), and similarly, these genes were also negatively correlated with AUC (r=-0.525, -0.470, -0.464, -0.522, P<0.05). Conversely, the expression levels of ZEB1 and ZEB2 exhibited positive correlations with AT (r=0.329, 0.403, P<0.05) and TTP (r=0.336, 0.389, P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, compared to the uniform contrast perfusion group, the expression levels of VIM, MMP2, MMP9, and ZEB2 were elevated in the uneven contrast perfusion group. In addition, the levels of VIM, MMP2, ZEB1, and ZEB2 significantly increased in the group with a perfusion defect area greater>1/2, compared to the group with a perfusion defect area less ≤1/2. Among these genes, VIM, MMP2, and ZEB2 showed significant correlations with one another. Conclusion A link exists between the ultrasound features of breast invasive ductal carcinoma and the EMT gene, offering imaging proof for clinical diagnosis and therapy, reflecting the angiogenesis and hypoxic necrosis status within the lesion, and EMT could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit tumor progression.

Objective To investigate the correlation between iron deposition in various brain nuclei and motor impairments as well as disease severity in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) patients using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and to evaluate the potential application of SWI in monitoring disease progression and severity. Methods A total of 49 iPD patients (iPD group) and 70 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) at Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine from September 2022 to September 2024 were recruited. All participants underwent SWI scanning on a 3.0T MRI scanner with specific parameters. The phase values of different brain nuclei were measured in the phase maps. The differences in phase values between the iPD group and healthy control group were compared. Additionally, the differences in phase values among iPD patients at different Hoehn-Yahr stages relative to healthy control group were analyzed. The correlation between phase values of each nucleus in the iPD group and Hoehn-Yahr stages and UPDRS scores was also examined. Results The phase values of the bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra were significantly lower in the iPD group than in healthy control group (P<0.001). In iPD patients at different Hoehn-Yahr stages, the phase values in the substantia nigra (P<0.001) and red nucleus (P<0.001) were significantly reduced compared to healthy controls, with statistically significant differences. Specifically, the phase values of the substantia nigra and red nucleus in stage III iPD patients were lower than those in stages II and I (P<0.05). In the iPD group, the phase values of the bilateral substantia nigra (r=-0.468, P<0.001) and red nucleus (r=-0.404, P<0.001) showed a negative correlation with Hoehn-Yahr stages, and also exhibited a negative correlation with UPDRS-III scores (r=-0.354, P<0.001; r=-0.359, P<0.001). Conclusion The findings indicate that iron deposition in the substantia nigra and red nucleus regions of iPD patients increases progressively with disease severity. This increased iron deposition is associated with motor impairments and overall disease severity, suggesting that it may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the progression and severity of iPD.

Objective To assess the geometric morphology of the basilar artery and the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques by using high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI), and analyze their correlation with posterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective analysis of 65 patients with basilar artery plaque who underwent high-resolution HR-VWI scanning was conducted. Patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) were divided into ACI group (n=30) and non-ACI (NACI) group according to DWI. The actual basilar artery length, linear length, and lateral BA-VA angle were measured in the infarction and NACI groups (n=35) using 3D-TOF-MRA reconstruction images. HR-VWI axial images were used to evaluate the distribution of basilar artery plaques in the two groups, measure and calculate the data related to plaque load and lumen stenosis rate in the two groups, compare the differences in the data between the two groups, and analyze the risk factors of posterior circulation stroke. Subsequently, the two groups were grouped according to the direction of basilar artery curvature to observe the difference of dominant vertebral artery between the two groups. Results Statistically significant differences were identified between the ACI and NACI groups with respect to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, midline angle in normal position, normalized wall index (NWI), and plaque location (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, NWI demonstrated a significant association with cerebral infarction (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20, P=0.011); in contrast, the likelihood of causing cerebral infarction was found to be lower for plaques located in the dorsal and ventral walls compared to those in the lateral walls (OR=13.15, 95% CI: 3.15-54.92, P<0.001). Furthermore, the direction of basilar artery curvature was found to be associated with the dominant vertebral artery (P=0.009). Conclusion Hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and an increased mid-BA angle in the normal anatomical position can increase the risk of post erior circulation ischemic stroke. The location of plaque and NWI have been identified as independent predictors of cerebral infarction, and the integration of these two factors offers a more substantial diagnostic advantage for the evaluation of posterior circulation ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ultrasound sonographic indexes and malignant lymph nodes in the neck and the value of combined strain elastography for distinguishing benign and malignant lymph nodes in the neck in clinical practice. Methods A total of 252 patients (252 lymph nodes) who underwent ultrasonography of cervical lymph nodes and lymph node puncture biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from September 2023 to June 2024 were selected for routine ultrasonography and strain elastography, and they were divided into benign and malignant groups according to pathological results. Ultrasound indicators such as L/S, morphology, border, internal echo, gate structure and blood flow type in the guidelines for ultrasound examination of lymph nodes were included in single-factor and logistic multifactorial regression analyses to analyse ultrasound sonogram indicators with higher correlation with benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes, using the results of puncture pathology as the gold standard; using the results of puncture pathology as the gold standard, the ROC curve of the strain ratio (SR value) was plotted and the optimal cut-off value was selected to analyse the efficacy of using elastography to diagnose malignant lymph nodes in the neck; and the efficacy of ultrasound, elastography and the combination of the two for the differential diagnosis of the nature of cervical lymph nodes was comparatively analyzed. Results Among the 252 cervical lymph nodes, 104 (41.3%) were benign lesions and 148 (58.7%) were malignant lesions. The ultrasound indexes in which the differences between benign and malignant lymph nodes were all statistically significant were: L/S, morphology, internal echoes, gate structure, and blood flow type (P<0.05), and multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the ultrasound sonographic indexes associated with malignant lymph nodes in the neck according to the size of the OR value were: blood flow type, gate structure, internal echoes (P<0.05) .The SR value of 252 cases of cervical lymph nodes, with an optimal cut-off value of 1.34, had a sensitivity of 77.0%, specificity of 84.6%, accuracy of 80.2%, and AUC of 0.808 (95%CI: 0.752-0.865) for diagnosing cervical malignant lymph nodes, while ultrasonic diagnosis of cervical malignant lymph nodes had a sensitivity of 66.2%, a specificity of 78.8%, and an accuracy of 71.4%, with an AUC of 0.725 (95%CI: 0.661-0.789); the combined diagnosis of the two had a sensitivity of 90.5%, a specificity of 74.0%, an accuracy of 83.7%, and an AUC of 0.853 (95%CI: 0.801-0.905). Conclusion The ultrasound sonographic indicators that are more relevant to the benign and malignant nature of cervical lymph nodes are, in order, blood flow type, gate structure, and internal echo; combined ultrasound and strain elastography can improve the early diagnostic efficacy of benign and malignant nature of cervical lymph nodes to a certain extent.

Objective To develop a DNMT3A R882H (c.2645G>A) and R882C (c.2644C>T) visual detection system based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with their associated protein (Cas12a). Methods Thirty-four bone marrow samples from patients suspected of acute myeloid leukemia were collected at a hospital from September 2023 to September 2024. The specific amplification primers and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for the PCR-Cas12a nucleic acid detection system were designed to target the DNMT3A R882H/C mutation sites. Primer pairs with optimal amplification performance were selected using agarose gel electrophoresis, and the fluorescence intensity generated by Cas12a protein cleavage of nearby fluorescent probes was used to identify the crRNA with the highest cleavage efficiency, based on the signal difference between mutant and wild-type sequences, to construct the PCR-Cas12a Nucleic Acid Detection System. Wild-type human genomic DNA and DNMT3A R882H/C mutant plasmids were mixed in varying ratios to simulate different mutation frequencies and assess the detection limit of PCR-Cas12a. Finally, clinical samples validated for DNMT3A R882H/C mutations by high-throughput sequencing were tested using PCR-Cas12a to evaluate methodological consistency and resistance to interference. Results The PCR-Cas12a nucleic acid visual detection system effectively detected DNMT3A R882H/C mutations in clinical samples with mutation frequencies as low as 1%. Conclusion This study established a visual detection method for DNMT3A R882H/C mutations by combining PCR with CRISPR-Cas12a technology, which is rapid, specific, and sensitive, providing robust support for the prognostic assessment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value and evaluation of drug efficacy of the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative method for interictal temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods A total of 43 adolescent patients with epilepsy symptoms and signs, abnormal video electroencephalogram (VEEG), and normal brain MRI who were diagnosed clinically at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 were analyzed, including 19 males and 24 females, aged 6-40 years. All the patients underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging before and 1-2 years after antiepileptic drug treatment.Visual and semi- quantitative analysis using MIMneuro software was employed to determine the location of the epileptic foci, measure the standard uptake value (SUV)_mean of the epileptic foci and the contralateral side, and analyze the differences between them.The changes in the SUV_mean of the epileptic foci before and after treatment were analyzed to evaluate the value of SUV_mean in localizing temporal lobe epileptic foci and assessing drug efficacy. Results All the patients had epilepsy symptoms and signs, abnormal VEEG, and were clinically diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy.The epileptic foci on PET showed reduced uptake of the tracer.The comparison of SUV_mean between the epileptic foci and the contralateral side was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1-2 years of antiepileptic drug treatment,the clinical symptoms and signs disappeared or alleviated. PET/CT was re-examined,and the SUV_mean of the epileptic foci increased after drug treatment.The comparison of SUV_mean of the epileptic foci before and after treatment was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the SUV_mean between the epileptic foci and the contralateral side after treatment (P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the SUV_mean of the contralateral side before and after treatment (P>0.05). 39 patients had no epilepsy symptoms and signs after stopping or reducing antiepileptic drugs, while 4 patients had a recurrence of epilepsy after stopping or reducing antiepileptic drugs. Conclusion The ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative indicator SUV_mean has a high diagnostic value and evaluation of drug efficacy for temporal lobe epileptic foci.

Objective To evaluate coronary microcirculation obstruction (MVO) in hypertensive patients using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods A total of 145 patients diagnosed with hypertension in our hospital from October 2023 to October 2024 were randomly included. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging included conventional cardiac cine sequence, late-gadolinium enhanced (LGE) delayed phase scan, and feature tracking technique. MVO was diagnosed based on delayed phase scan and the patients were divided into observation group (n=68) and control group (n=77). The measurement parameters included global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS) of left ventricle, as well as LS, RS, and CS of the apical, middle, and basal segments, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and so on. Results Compared with control group, the observation group showed significant increases in average systolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, LVMI, GLS, and basal LS (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that increased GLS was only independent risk factor to MVO in hypertensive patients (OR=3.032, 95% CI: 2.426-4.032, P<0.001). ROC curve showed that area under the curve of GLS for MVO diagnosis was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.756-0.923, P<0.001). Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging based on feature tracking technology measuring left ventricular GLS has good accuracy in hypertensive patients for the diagnosis of MVO, which can be used as an alternative technique for LGE delayed phase scan, improving the safety of examination.

Objective To explore the application value of combining low tube voltage and low contrast agent dose ("dual-low" technique) with a deep learning image reconstruction algorithm in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent CCTA at the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from June to September 2024. The patients were randomly divided into group A and group B, with 50 patients in each group. All patients were scanned using a GE Revolution APEX-CT. Group A was scanned with a tube voltage of 120 kV and a contrast agent dose of 0.8 mL/kg, while group B was scanned with a tube voltage of 70 kV and a contrast agent dose of 0.5 mL/kg. After scanning, the radiation dose was calculated for both groups. Group A utilized 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V, while group B employed high-strength deep learning image reconstruction. CT values and noise values were measured in the aortic root, proximal left anterior descending artery, proximal left circumflex artery, proximal right coronary artery, and pericardial fat on images from both groups. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated. Image quality was subjectively scored using a 5-point scale under a double-blind method. Results The radiation dose and contrast agent dose in group B were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.001). The noise values in group B were lower than those in group A (P<0.05), while the CT values, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and subjective scores in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.001). The subjective scores between the two physicians showed good consistency (Kappa value=0.829). Conclusion The application of the "dual-low" technique combined with high-strength deep learning reconstruction in CCTA can significantly reduce radiation dose and contrast agent dose while achieving better image quality.

Objective To evaluate the value of a radiomics-based machine learning model in predicting the invasiveness of pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 208 pGGNs identified in our department from August 2022 to August 2024. Based on pathological results, the nodules were classified into non-invasive and invasive groups. CT characteristics of the nodules were recorded, and radiomics features were extracted from CT images. Optimal radiomics features were selected to construct a predictive model. ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The diagnostic performance of the radiomics model was compared with that of radiologists alone and radiologists assisted by the radiomics model. Results After dimensionality reduction, six optimal features were selected to build a logistic regression model. In the training set, the model achieved an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.786, 0.771 and 0.875, respectively, while in the validation set, these values were 0.776, 0.735 and 0.859. The radiomics model outperformed radiologists in diagnostic accuracy and enhanced radiologists' diagnostic performance when used in combination. Conclusion The CT radiomics-based machine learning model demonstrates high predictive efficacy for determining the invasiveness of pulmonary pGGNs and provides valuable guidance for clinical decision-making.

Objective To develop and validate a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN)-based CT-assisted diagnostic model for tuberculosis (TB) activity grading, aiming to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. The model incorporates Grad-CAM visualization technology to provide interpretability analysis of its decision-making process. Methods Retrospective data were collected from 300 patients who underwent non-contrast chest CT scans at Jining Public Health Medical Center from January 2020 to December 2024. According to the Diagnostic Criteria for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (WS 288-2017) and comprehensive clinical evaluation (including sputum culture, pathological results, anti-TB treatment response, and follow-up imaging dynamics), patients were stratified into three groups, with 100 cases in each group: normal lung group, active TB group, inactive TB group. The 3D-CNN model was employed to extract spatial features from CT images, with model parameters optimized through cross-validation. Model performance was systematically evaluated. The Grad-CAM algorithm generated heatmaps to identify critical regions of model attention, with results validated against clinical diagnostic standards. Results The model achieved 95.00% of classification accuracy, 95.30% of sensitivity, and 95.60% of specificity on the test set. Grad-CAM visualizations demonstrated high spatial concordance between model-identified regions and expert-annotated lesion areas. Conclusion The 3D-CNN-based CT-assisted diagnostic model shows high performance in TB activity grading and may serve as an effective clinical decision-support tool. The integration of Grad-CAM enhances model transparency and credibility.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of magnetic resonance three-dimensional reconstruction combined with scalp markers in the localization of intracranial space-occupying lesions before surgery. Methods A total of 20 patients diagnosed with intracranial space-occupying lesions preoperatively and planned for surgery from Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical College from June 2022 to April 2024 were prospectively enrolled, and the 3D slicer software was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of intracranial space-occupying lesions and scalp markers, and the lesion extent was outlined on the upper surface of the scalp according to the range of the lesion model in the vitamin E matrix. Observe whether the space-occupying lesion is exposed to the incision or bony window. During the operation, two neurosurgeons observed whether the accuracy of preoperative positioning, the measured depth, size and extent were consistent with the intraoperative results. The difference between the volume calculated by the two-dimensional formula, the volume calculated by the three-dimensional reconstruction, and the postoperative pathological volume was compared. Results All the 20 patients successfully completed the operation, of which 19 had accurate positioning and 1 had deviation. There were 2 cases of brain abscess, 3 cases of glioma, 11 cases of meningioma, 2 cases of hemangiopericytoma, and 1 case of metastatic tumor. The Kappa coefficients of the two neurosurgeons were 0.613, 0.835 and 0.701, respectively, in the evaluation of whether the preoperative positioning accuracy, depth and range were consistent with the intraoperative results. There was no significant difference between the two-dimensional formula and the three-dimensional reconstruction (P>0.05), the two-dimensional formula was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the three-dimensional reconstruction was statistically significant (P<0.05). Among the 14 cases in the morphological regular group, there was no significant difference between the lesion volume calculated by the two-dimensional formula and the lesion volume calculated by the three-dimensional reconstruction (P>0.05), and in the 6 cases with irregular morphology, the lesion volume calculated by the two-dimensional formula was statistically significant compared with the lesion volume calculated by the three-dimensional reconstruction (P<0.05). Conclusion Magnetic resonance 3D reconstruction combined with scalp markers in the clinical application of preoperative intracranial space-occupying lesion localization is accurate, simple, convenient and practical, which is helpful for neurosurgeons to design surgical approaches, reduce the diameter of skull fenestration, reduce intracranial injury and improve patient prognosis.

Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging, a unique chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging technique, indirectly quantifies the amide proton content in mobile proteins and peptides and pH changes in tissues by detecting the attenuation of free water signals. This provides insights into tissue metabolism, offering rich molecular-level information for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of breast cancer. In recent years, the integration of APTw imaging with AI has gained attention in breast cancer diagnosis. This review focuses on the applications of APTw imaging combined with AI in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions, histological grading, analyzing correlations with biomarkers, and evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It also discusses the challenges and limitations of this technology in practical applications.

Peptide self-assembling materials, with their excellent biocompatibility, controllability, and ease of synthesis, have shown great potential in tumor diagnosis and treatment. These materials are capable of spontaneously forming a variety of nanostructures through non-covalent interactions, especially under the guidance of enzyme-instructed self-assembly strategy. In this way, they can achieve in situ self-assembly within tumor tissues, leading to precise targeting and formation of diverse nanostructures. This review focuses on the mechanisms of peptide self-assembly, the enzyme-instructed self-assembly strategy, and their applications in tumor imaging and treatment, including fluorescence imaging, positron emission tomography imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. It also explores the applications of peptide self-assembly in directly inducing cancer cell apoptosis, acting as a carrier for anticancer drug delivery, and in tumor immunotherapy. The review aims to sort out the core advantages and key challenges of peptide self-assembly technology, such as targeting precision, in vivo stability, and clinical translation bottlenecks. It then looks ahead to future development directions, including multifunctional integration design and studies on the universality of various tumors, providing theoretical support and technical references for the development of more efficient and safer tumor imaging and therapeutic approaches.

The incidence and mortality of dilated cardiomyopathy have risen significantly in recent years, establishing it as the most common cardiomyopathy and a primary indication for heart transplantation. Accurate assessment of viable and fibrotic myocardium is crucial for guiding treatment strategies, evaluating therapeutic efficacy, and predicting clinical outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (CMR-LGE) has proven to be a reliable modality for identifying viable myocardium, providing critical guidance for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies in dilated cardiomyopathy. This review systematically summarizes the non-invasive imaging features for evaluating myocardial viability and fibrosis, highlights their clinical applications and prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases, and explores future technological advancements in the field. By integrating current research findings and emerging trends, this work aims to advance innovative methodologies and frameworks for improving early diagnosis and precision medicine in cardiac care.

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is a common disease characterized primarily by episodes of apnea or hypoventilation during sleep, significantly impacting the patient^'s sleep quality. It may also lead to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and even affects the cognitive function of patients. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the application of diffusion imaging technology in the central nervous system. An increasing number of studies utilize diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and related derived techniques to investigate the alterations in the microstructure of the patients^' brains, aiming to explore the mechanisms of cognitive impairment. This article reviews relevant research, aiming to systematically outline the clinical applications of diffusion techniques in investigating Patho-physiological changes related to cognitive decline in patients. This, in turn, provides a more scientific and accurate basis for clinical decision-making, promotes the further development of precision medicine, and offers more effective intervention measures to improve patients quality of life.

Magnetic resonance technology is safe and radiation-free, and has been widely used in the whole body. Multi-sequence and multi-parameter combined MRI imaging breaks the limitation of single imaging, and can reflect the information of lesion diffusion, perfusion and metabolism through quantitative analysis by DWI, IVIM, DCE-MRI,MRS And other technologies, so as to differentiate and evaluate the benign and malignant of isolated pulmonary nodules from the molecular level. Multi-parameter combined imaging significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of single imaging, which is superior to single-parameter imaging. Additionally, it demonstrates potential for further analyzing pathological typing of lung cancer. MRI multi-parameter combined imaging is expected to improve the early diagnosis rate and specificity of pulmonary nodules, and provide a more reliable basis for individualized treatment.