Objective To investigate the correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters, as well as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 114 consecutive patients diagnosed with AMI who underwent primary PCI at our hospital from May 2022 to July 2025, and completed CMR examinations within an average of one week post-PCI were enrolled. Based on the optimal cut-off value of 1765.62 for predicting MACEs derived from the ROC curve, patients were divided into a low-SII group (n=88) and a high-SII group (n=26). Baseline characteristics, PCI data, CMR parameters, and the incidence of MACEs during follow-up were compared between the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using correlation analysis, ROC curves, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, regression analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results The high-SII group exhibited higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). CMR results revealed that the high-SII group had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and longitudinal strain in infarcted segments compared to the low-SII group, along with a higher incidence of ventricular aneurysm and paradoxical motion (P<0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that SII was positively correlated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), ventricular aneurysm, BNP, paradoxical motion, systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), age, and Gensini score, while negatively correlated with LVEF (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) of SII for predicting MACEs was 0.744, demonstrating superior predictive efficacy compared to NLR, PLR, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and SIRI. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a higher incidence of MACEs in the high-SII group than in the low-SII group (P<0.05). Regression analysis identified SII, LVEF, and longitudinal strain in infarcted segments as independent predictors of MACEs (P<0.05). RCS curve analysis revealed a statistically significant overall association between SII and the risk of MACEs (P<0.001), with no obvious non-linear relationship observed (P=0.602). Conclusion Elevated SII is associated with abnormal post-operative CMR parameters and an increased risk of MACEs in AMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

Objective To investigate brain functional alterations in patients with non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (non-NPSLE) using rs-fMRI-derived wavelet-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (Wavelet-ALFF), and to explore their associations with neuropsychological scale scores and clinical characteristics. Methods A total of 34 patients with non-NPSLE and 37 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled at Shaanxi Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital from January 2023 to September 2024. Whole-brain Wavelet-ALFF values were calculated for all participants and compared between the two groups. Correlations between this imaging metric and scale scores as well as clinical characteristics were further analyzed. Results Compared with the healthy controls group, patients with non-NPSLE exhibited decreased Wavelet-ALFF values in the bilateral orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (voxel-level P<0.005, cluster-level P<0.05, Gaussian random field correction). These decreased Wavelet-ALFF values were negatively correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) (r=-0.415, P=0.016), and they were positively correlated with the backward digit span score (r=0.420, P=0.015) and delayed recall score (r=0.412, P=0.017). Conclusion Patients with non-NPSLE exhibited significantly decreased spontaneous brain activity (Wavelet-ALFF) in the bilateral orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus. This imaging metric was closely associated with SLEDAI and neurocognitive scale scores, and may serve as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for subclinical central nervous system involvement in non-NPSLE.

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) across different brain lobes during early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in rats, and to elucidate the region-specific associations between these changes and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group (Sham, n=36) and a SAH group (n=36); the SAH group was further subdivided into 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72-hour groups, with six rats per group. A SAH model was established using the posterior fossa haemorrhage method; the Sham group received an equal volume of saline. At each time point, 3.0T GE MRI scans were performed to acquire diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Regions of interest in the bilateral frontal, parietal and temporal cortices, as well as the hippocampus, were precisely delineated, and ADC values were calculated. The modified Garcia neurological functional score was also assessed. Following euthanasia, serum was collected and TNF-α protein expression was detected using ELISA. Results ADC values in the hippocampus decreased significantly at 12 h, reached a minimum at 24 h (P<0.05), and gradually recovered at 48 and 72 h; compared with the Sham group, ADC values in the temporal cortex began to decline at 12 h (P<0.05) and continued to decrease progressively at 24 and 48 h (P<0.05); ADC values in the frontal and parietal cortices showed a decrease at 48 h (P<0.05); serum TNF-α protein expression rose rapidly at 12 h (P<0.05), peaked between 24 and 48 h (P<0.05), and the difference diminished by 72 h (P<0.05); neurological function scores decreased in all SAH groups (P<0.05); ADC values in the temporal cortex were negatively correlated with serum TNF-α expression (r=-0.437,P<0.05)and positively correlated with neurological function scores (r=0.430, P<0.05), whilst serum TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with neurological function scores (r=-0.808, P<0.05). The neurological function score was positively correlated with ADC values in the hippocampus (r=0.353, P<0.05). Conclusion EBI following SAH exhibits clear regional heterogeneity, with the hippocampus being the most vulnerable brain region, followed by the temporal cortex, whilst the frontal and parietal cortices are affected latest and to the least extent; ADC values in the hippocampus can serve as an early, non-invasive imaging biomarker for EBI following SAH; the correlation between ADC values in the temporal cortex and TNF-α provides a potential imaging indicator for monitoring the efficacy of targeted anti-inflammatory treatment.

Objective To investigate the differential value of MRI T1 mapping and T2 mapping for identifying the inflammatory-active stage of brucellar spondylitis (BS), so as to provide non-invasive quantitative imaging evidence for clinical disease assessment. Methods A total of 139 patients with confirmed BS at the Sixth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2025 to March 2026 were enrolled. According to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease course, and MRI findings, the patients were divided into an inflammatory-active group (ESR>30 mm/h and disease course≤3 months; MRI dominated by inflammatory hyperemia and edema with mild bone destruction and normal vertebral morphology) and an inactive group (ESR≤30 mm/h and disease course>3 months; MRI characterized by coexisting bone destruction and repair). T1 mapping and T2 mapping values of the affected vertebral bodies were measured and compared between the two groups. ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each parameter for the inflammatory-active stage of BS. Results Both T1 mapping and T2 mapping values of the affected vertebrae in the active group were significantly higher than those in the inactive group, with statistically significant differences (P=0.032, P=0.001). The AUC of T1 mapping and T2 mapping alone for diagnosing inflammatory-active BS was 0.658 and 0.762, respectively. The combined diagnosis of the two parameters achieved an AUC of 0.825, with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 75.4%. Conclusion MRI T1 mapping and T2 mapping can objectively distinguish the inflammatory activity status of BS. The combination of the two parameters further improves diagnostic performance, providing reliable quantitative imaging support for clinical disease assessment and therapeutic decision-making.

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacy of fat fraction (FF) derived from magnetic resonance multi-echo Dixon sequence and T1WI vertebral bone quality score (VBQ) for osteopenia and osteoporosis, and to determine the value of their combined application. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of 176 patients with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and MRI results from August 2023 to December 2024 in the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine. Patients were divided into the normal bone mass group (n=78), osteopenia group (n=55), and osteoporosis group (n=43) according to QCT bone mineral density. FF and T1WI-VBQ values were measured using the MRI multi-echo Dixon sequence. The parameters were compared among the three groups, and ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of FF and VBQ values for osteoporosis. Results Significant differences were observed among the three groups in gender, age, FF, and VBQ values (all P<0.001). The inter-observer reliability of lumbar vertebral FF and VBQ measurements between two radiologists was favorable, with intraclass correlation coefficients 0.850 (95% CI: 0.798-0.889) of and 0.844(95% CI: 0.787-0.886), respectively. FF and VBQ values showed significant pairwise differences among the three groups (P<0.001). ROC analysis revealed that FF had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.890 for diagnosing osteopenia (cutoff value: 46.7%) and an AUC of 0.872 for diagnosing osteoporosis (cutoff value: 57.5%). For VBQ, the AUC was 0.767 for osteopenia (cutoff value: 2.65) and 0.810 for osteoporosis (cutoff value: 2.73). The AUC for the combined diagnosis of osteopenia was 0.895, with a sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 75.6%; the AUC for the combined diagnosis of osteoporosis was 0.898, with a sensitivity of 79.1% and specificity of 87.2%. The diagnostic efficacy of FF for osteopenia and osteoporosis was significantly higher than that of VBQ (P=0.002, 0.038, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between FF alone and the combined model of FF+VBQ (P=0.892, 0.721, respectively). Conclusion The diagnostic performance of multi-echo Dixon sequence FF values in detecting lumbar osteopenia and osteoporosis is superior to that of T1WI-VBQ score. Combined application of both indicators does not provide additional diagnostic benefits.

Objective To analyze the differences in CT and MRI features between Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES) in long bones, and to explore the value of CT and MRI in the differential diagnosis of the two. Methods The preoperative CT and MRI of 42 patients with long bone tumors confirmed by pathology in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2025 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the pathological results, the patients were divided into two groups: the LCH group (n=21) and the ES group (n=21), and the differences in CT and MRI signs between the groups were observed. The CT and MRI signs with statistically significant differences between groups were included in the logistic regression analysis. The ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each CT and MRI sign and combined signs in the differential diagnosis of LCH and ES in long bones. Results There was no significant difference in lesion location, internal signal and adjacent bone marrow edema between LCH and ES (P>0.05); There were statistically significant differences in soft tissue mass, scallop-like impression, cortical morphology, periosteal reaction, blood supply vessels and growth between groups (P<0.05). The AUC of soft tissue mass, scallop-like indentation, cortical morphology, periosteal reaction and supplying blood vessel for distinguishing LCH from ES were 0.833, 0.690, 0.850, 0.826 and 0.762, respectively. The AUC of multi-sign combined identification was 0.982, which was higher than that of single sign (P<0.05). Conclusion Long bone LCH and long bone ES have different imaging features in CT and MRI, and the combined analysis of multiple signs can improve the differential diagnosis efficiency.

Objective To clarify the function of the right ventricle in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), autostrain RV will be employed to observe early changes in function and assess the extent of the disease. Methods A total of 105 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from September 2024 to December 2025 were recruited and divided into four groups according to their pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP): non-PAH group (n=30), mild PAH group (n=25), moderate PAH group (n=25) and severe PAH group (n=25). All patients had conventional echocardiography and Autostrain RV analysis. Obtained the conventional parameters and strain values of the right ventricle, such as right ventricular free wall global longitudinal strain (RVFWSL), right ventricular four-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4CSL), and basal, middle and apical longitudinal strain of the right ventricular free wall. Differences in parameters among the four groups were compared, and then these were correlated with PASP. ROC curves were used to determine the diagnostic ability of all the parameters for PAH screening and disease classification. Results There were no differences in the general clinical data of the four groups (P>0.05). As PAH increased, the absolute values of all the right ventricular strain parameters gradually decreased (P<0.01). RV4CSL had the highest correlation with PASP (r_s=0.771, P<0.001). In screening for pulmonary hypertension (non-PAH vs PAH), RV4CSL had the best diagnostic effect (AUC=0.920, sensitivity=0.920, specificity=0.833). RV4CSL was still the best single index (AUC=0.885) for disease stratification (mild PAH vs moderate-severe PAH), and when combined with the Tei index and RVFWSL, the AUC reached 0.902 and the specificity reached 0.920. Conclusion Autostrain RV can be employed to identify right ventricular dysfunction in SLE patients with PAH. RV4CSL is a good indicator of PAH and disease division. A combination model of the TEI index and RVFWSL has been developed to improve the differential diagnosis of moderate- to severe PAH and provide a reliable basis for non-invasive assessment of right ventricular function.

Objective To explore the application value of zero echo time (ZTE) imaging based on intelligent quick magnetic resonance (IQMR) reconstruction in structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods Data from 43 SpA patients who underwent CT and MRI examinations of the sacroiliac joints at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from February 2025 to March 2026 were retrospectively collected. Using CT plain scan images as the reference standard, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), ZTE, and IQMR-reconstructed ZTE images (IQMR-ZTE) were compared. Structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints were scored as follows: joint space changes (0-4 points), bone erosion (0-3 points), and bone sclerosis (0-2 points). An overall sacroiliitis score (0-3 points) was assigned according to the modified New York criteria scoring system. Overall image quality and structural clarity were also evaluated using a 5-point scale. Results Good agreement was observed between IQMR-ZTE and CT for joint space changes, bone erosion, bone sclerosis, and overall sacroiliitis score (Kappa values: 0.840, 0.866, 0.803, and 0.892, respectively). Comparisons of overall image quality and sacroiliac joint structural clarity scores among the sequences showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant difference between IQMR-ZTE and CT (P>0.0167), whereas differences between IQMR-ZTE and both ZTE and T1WI were statistically significant (P<0.0167). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of IQMR-ZTE for joint space changes, bone erosion, bone sclerosis, and overall sacroiliitis score were 0.882, 0.922, 0.913, and 0.960, respectively, all superior to those of ZTE and T1WI. The differences in AUCs among the sequences were statistically significant (P<0.0167). Compared with T1WI and ZTE, IQMR-ZTE demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion IQMR-ZTE can effectively assess structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints in SpA patients and has favorable diagnostic efficacy.

Objective To construct a hollow manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoprobe doped with the rare-earth element holmium (Ho), designated H-MnO₂@Ho (HM@Ho), and to characterize and investigate its potential and value for T₁/T₂ dual-modal MRI. Methods Silica nanoprobes (sSiO₂) serving as templates were first synthesized via the classical St?ber method. SiO₂@MnO₂ was then obtained through in-situ redox reaction and heterogeneous nucleation deposition of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) onto the template surface. The SiO₂@MnO₂ was dispersed in anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) for etching to afford hollow H-MnO₂. Subsequently, H-MnO₂ was mixed and stirred with an aqueous solution of holmium(III) chloride (HoCl₃), and HM@Ho was obtained after washing. The as-prepared nanoprobes were characterized in terms of morphology, elemental distribution, particle size and zeta potential, stability, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, T₁/T₂ imaging, and relaxivity. Results Both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that HM@Ho displayed a spherical morphology with uniform particle size and homogeneous elemental distribution. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were 165.67±2.36 nm and 23.36±0.17 mV, respectively. The longitudinal (T₁) and transverse (T₂) relaxivities were 4.01 and 8.34 (mmol/L)^-1·s^-1, respectively. Furthermore, the nanoprobes exhibited concentration-dependent T₁/T₂ dual-phase MRI responses. Conclusion The as-prepared HM@Ho possessed uniform particle size and good dispersibility, combined with favorable r₁ and r₂ relaxivities, low cytotoxicity, and good cellular uptake capability, thereby demonstrating its potential and value for T₁/T₂ magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and bone mineral density in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis, using a "one-stop" scan that combines quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with AI-based non-gated calcium scoring. Methods Chest and abdominal CT images and clinical data of 130 patients receiving maintenance dialysis at the First People's Hospital of Chuzhou from January 2024 to December 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Lumbar volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured by QCT, and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was obtained using AI-based non-gated calcium scoring. CAC was stratified into four risk categories according to CACS: very low risk (CACS=0), low risk (0<CACS<100), intermediate risk (100≤CACS<400), and high risk (CACS≥400). Differences in bone mineral density and related metabolic parameters among the risk groups were analyzed. For sensitivity analysis, patients with CACS=0 were classified as the non-calcification group and those with CACS>0 as the calcification group. Results CAC was present in 77.5% of the patients. After adjustment in an ordinal logistic regression model, CAC was negatively correlated with vBMD (OR=0.976, 95% CI: 0.967-0.985, P<0.001). Patients with abnormal bone mass (vBMD≤120 mg/cm3) had a higher CAC risk category than those with normal bone mass (vBMD>120 mg/cm3) (OR=23.308, 95% CI: 7.808-69.580, P<0.001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings: CAC remained negatively correlated with vBMD (OR=0.984, 95% CI: 0.972-0.996, P=0.011), and patients with abnormal bone mass had a higher prevalence of CAC (OR=12.691, 95% CI: 1.852-86.962, P=0.01). Conclusion Among patients receiving maintenance dialysis, vBMD is significantly and negatively correlated with CAC. When bone mass is abnormal, these patients face both a higher CAC risk category and a higher prevalence of CAC.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of combined intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features for axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 138 breast cancer patients treated at our hospital from March to December 2025. Ultrasound images and clinicopathological data were reviewed to construct four models: tumor model, peritumoral model, combined radiomics model, and clinical?radiomics combined model. The AUC was calculated using ROC curves to evaluate model performance. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit at various threshold probabilities, and calibration curves were plotted to examine the agreement between predicted probabilities and actual observations. Results In the training set, the AUCs of the tumor, peritumoral, combined radiomics, and clinical?radiomics combined models were 0.755 (95% CI: 0.664-0.834), 0.778 (95% CI: 0.693-0.853), 0.834 (95% CI: 0.760-0.898), and 0.860 (95% CI: 0.791-0.919), respectively. In the test set, the corresponding AUCs were 0.709 (95%CI: 0.530-0.871), 0.740 (95% CI: 0.566-0.880), 0.832 (95% CI: 0.687-0.939), and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.709-0.951). Both the calibration curves and DCA confirmed that the clinical?radiomics combined model exhibited favorable predictive performance. Conclusion Ultrasound?based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features demonstrate high predictive capability for ALN metastasis in breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the improvement effect of ultrasound visualization-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) on postoperative sleep quality in orthopedic patients. Methods From March 2025 to January 2026, 94 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery at Pinghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were classified into group C (n=47) and group S (n=47) by means of the random number table method. Group C underwent intrathecal anesthesia, while group S received ultrasound-guided SGB on the right side before intrathecal anesthesia. The postoperative sleep quality of the two groups was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The total sleep duration and sleep efficiency were recorded. The pain degree of patients was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the postoperative recovery status was recorded, and the adverse events were statistically analyzed. Results There were no statistical differences in PSQI score, total sleep duration and sleep efficiency between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05). The PSQI scores in group S on the night after surgery and at 1 day after surgery were lower than those in group C, and the total sleep duration and sleep efficiency on the night after surgery were elevated compared with those in group C (P<0.05). Group S showed lower pain scores at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery than group C (P<0.05). The number of analgesic remedies within 24 hours after surgery was less, and the first exhaust time was shorter in group S than that in group C (P<0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the overall incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound visualization-guided SGB can enhance the postoperative sleep quality in orthopedic patients, help patients to relieve the postoperative pain degree, reduce the number of analgesic remedies, shorten the first postoperative exhaust time, and promote the postoperative recovery, demonstrating good safety.

Objective To evaluate carotid plaques in patients with hypertension and diabetes using carotid ultrasound and to analyze their relationship with insulin resistance. Methods A total of 90 patients with hypertension admitted to Chuzhou Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to April 2026 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, they were divided into the simple hypertension group (n=30) and the hypertension with diabetes group (n=60). All subjects received carotid ultrasound examination, and detection of carotid plaques was compared between the two groups. According to the formation of carotid plaques, patients with hypertension and diabetes were divided into the plaque group (n=41, with carotid plaques) and the non-plaque group (n=19, without carotid plaques). General data and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors influencing carotid plaque formation. Results The detection rates of carotid plaques in the simple hypertension group and the hypertension with diabetes group were 46.67% and 68.33%, respectively. The detection rate in the hypertension with diabetes group was higher than that in the simple hypertension group (P<0.05). Fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR in the plaque group were higher than those in the non-plaque group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the duration of hypertension, duration of diabetes, and smoking status between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis results showed that HOMA-IR and smoking were influencing factors for carotid plaque formation in patients with hypertension and diabetes (P<0.05). Conclusion The presence of diabetes in patients with hypertension increases the risk of carotid plaque formation. HOMA-IR is significantly elevated in patients with carotid plaques, and insulin resistance is a risk factor for carotid plaque formation in patients with hypertension and diabetes.

Objective To investigate the application value of 3D-space compressed sensing sequence in chronic ankle instability (CAI) combined with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). Methods A total of 51 patients with CAI and OLT and 51 patients only with CAI in Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital were enrolled as CAI-OLT group and simple CAI group between September 2024 and February 2026, respectively. All underwent MRI examinations, including routine two-dimensional magnetic resonance sequence and 3D-space compressed sensing sequence. The general data, imaging characteristics, image quality and OLT lesions characteristics under 3D-space compressed sensing sequence and routine 2D sequence were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, BMI, course of disease, injured side or AOFAS score between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury in CAI-OLT group was lower than that in simple CAI group, while incidence of ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injury combined with posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) injury, distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury, joint effusion and synovitis were higher than those in simple CAI group (P<0.05). The image quality of 3D-space compressed sensing sequence in CAI combined with OLT was better than that of routine 2D sequence (P<0.05). The detection rate of multi-region involvement by 3D-space compressed sensing sequence was higher than that by routine 2D sequence (P<0.05). There were significant difference in the distribution of modified Hepple staging between 3D-space compressed sensing sequence and routine 2D sequence (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the maximum diameter of lesions between 3D-space compressed sensing sequence and routine 2D sequence (P>0.05). Conclusion The image quality of 3D-space compressed sensing sequence is better, which can accurately evaluate characteristics of ligament injury in patients with CAI and OLT, increase detection rates of OLT in multiple regions.

Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are rare neoplasms of the central nervous system that predominantly occur in children and adolescents. Pathological subtypes include germinoma and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), which differ considerably in therapeutic strategies and prognosis. The rapid advances in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging combined with artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new avenues for the non-invasive subtyping, treatment-response prediction, and prognostic assessment of IGCTs. From an imaging-centered perspective, this review systematically summarizes the imaging features of multimodal MRI for non-invasive subtyping of IGCTs, as well as the latest advances in AI-enabled auxiliary diagnosis, treatment-response prediction, and prognostic evaluation. Conventional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and perfusion-weighted imaging characterize IGCT subtypes across three dimensions: anatomical localization, cellular density, and vascular function. Radiomics integrated with machine learning enables automated subtype classification of IGCTs. Deep-learning models have achieved favorable diagnostic performance in subtype differentiation. Multiparametric MRI fusion strategies and explainable-AI techniques further enhance model accuracy and clinical credibility. For prognostic evaluation, imaging-driven AI models show potential advantages over conventional clinical scoring systems in the early prediction of treatment response and stratification of recurrence risk. Nevertheless, data scarcity, inadequate model interpretability, and the lack of prospective clinical validation represent major bottlenecks limiting clinical translation in this field. Federated learning and multimodal large-scale models are expected to provide novel technical solutions to these bottlenecks.

Neurovascular coupling plays a critical role in maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of energy supply and metabolic activity within the central nervous system. As an innovative imaging modality, super-resolution ultrasound imaging (SRUS) enables non-invasive visualization of the structural and hemodynamic characteristics of intracranial microvasculature, offering a novel approach for indirect evaluation of neuronal function. This article reviews the technical steps involved in SRUS, the existing technical challenges, and the current rsearch status regarding its application in brain physiological microcirculation and central nervous system-related diseases. Furthermore, is analyzes the practical challenges encountered in the clinical translation of this technology, with the aim of providing a reference for future basic research and clinical applications of SRUS within the realm of the central nervous system.

Rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) requires consideration of both functional changes during rehabilitation outside the hospital and the structural status of periprosthetic tissues. Wearable devices can continuously monitor knee range of motion, spatiotemporal gait parameters, affected limb loading, muscle activation, local temperature, and bioimpedance, thereby providing early indications of abnormal recovery. Radiography, CT, MRI, and ultrasonography can further assess lower limb alignment, prosthetic component position, osseous structures, joint effusion, and periprosthetic soft tissue abnormalities. This review summarizes advances in kinematic tracking, kinetic and neuromuscular monitoring, physiological monitoring, multimodal integration, and closed loop feedback. It also explores an integrated pathway involving continuous monitoring, tiered alerts, targeted imaging examinations, and adjustment of rehabilitation programs. Current research is limited by redundant monitoring metrics, poor comparability across devices, inconsistent alert thresholds, and insufficient multicenter validation. Future studies should establish standardized and clinically interpretable monitoring and validation systems to support precision rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a highly heterogeneous chronic disease characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse, which leads to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Traditional polysomnography (PSG) cannot fully elucidate its complex pathophysiological network. This article proposes a structure-function-molecular integrated tripartite analytical framework that clarifies the hierarchical relationships and interaction mechanisms among the three dimensions and addresses the limitations of single-dimensional descriptions. It then systematically reviews recent advances in multimodal imaging techniques and multi-omics approaches, elucidates the intrinsic connections among structural, functional, and molecular levels, explores the application value of artificial intelligence in multimodal data fusion and precise assessment, and analyzes the clinical translational prospects and challenges of this framework in individualized phenotyping, complication risk prediction, and targeted therapy, thereby offering a new analytical approach for deciphering OSAHS heterogeneity and advancing precision medicine practice.

As an imaging marker for the diagnosis of early lung disease, accurate detection and qualitative analysis of pulmonary nodules are essential for clinical decision-making. Therefore, accurate detection of pulmonary nodules not only helps to detect potential lung diseases in time, but also provides an important basis for subsequent diagnosis and treatment. Multimodal medical image fusion technology overcomes the limitations of a single modality and improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules by integrating complementary anatomical and functional information of CT, MRI, PET/CT and PET/MRI modalities. This paper systematically combs the theory and shortcomings of traditional image fusion technology, focuses on the application of convolutional neural network, Transformer and its hybrid model based on deep learning in the segmentation and classification of lung nodules, and finally puts forward the problems and challenges it faces. The aim is to provide the most appropriate fusion technology for the detection and diagnosis of clinical lung diseases, and to promote the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules to a more accurate and comprehensive direction.