The presence of wounds can significantly impact patients' quality of life, as well as their physical and mental well-being, while also posing substantial challenges and burdens to the healthcare system. Ultrasound, as a physical therapy modality, shows promising potential in the field of wound healing. This article offers a concise review of the wound healing process, the biological effects of ultrasound, the mechanisms by which ultrasound promotes wound healing, the key parameters of ultrasound therapy, and its application value across various types of wounds. Additionally, we discuss the research advancements in combining ultrasound with other therapeutic approaches, aiming to provide valuable insights for future studies.

Magnetic resonance technology is safe and radiation-free, and has been widely used in the whole body. Multi-sequence and multi-parameter combined MRI imaging breaks the limitation of single imaging, and can reflect the information of lesion diffusion, perfusion and metabolism through quantitative analysis by DWI, IVIM, DCE-MRI,MRS And other technologies, so as to differentiate and evaluate the benign and malignant of isolated pulmonary nodules from the molecular level. Multi-parameter combined imaging significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of single imaging, which is superior to single-parameter imaging. Additionally, it demonstrates potential for further analyzing pathological typing of lung cancer. MRI multi-parameter combined imaging is expected to improve the early diagnosis rate and specificity of pulmonary nodules, and provide a more reliable basis for individualized treatment.

The incidence and mortality of dilated cardiomyopathy have risen significantly in recent years, establishing it as the most common cardiomyopathy and a primary indication for heart transplantation. Accurate assessment of viable and fibrotic myocardium is crucial for guiding treatment strategies, evaluating therapeutic efficacy, and predicting clinical outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (CMR-LGE) has proven to be a reliable modality for identifying viable myocardium, providing critical guidance for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies in dilated cardiomyopathy. This review systematically summarizes the non-invasive imaging features for evaluating myocardial viability and fibrosis, highlights their clinical applications and prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases, and explores future technological advancements in the field. By integrating current research findings and emerging trends, this work aims to advance innovative methodologies and frameworks for improving early diagnosis and precision medicine in cardiac care.

Objective To develop a fusion model that integrates multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-based radiomics features with clinical and pathological variables for predicting lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 96 patients with pathologically confirmed endometrial cancer treated at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from January 2015 to June 2024. Axial T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were used to manually delineate both tumor lesions and corresponding uterine body regions. radiomics features were extracted from the delineated regions. clinical and pathological variables were screened using univariate analysis and significant predictors were integrated with imaging features to construct a fusion model. model performance was evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results The AUC for DWI-based radiomics models reached 0.84 for tumor lesions and 0.87 for the uterine body, while the T2WI-based models yielded AUCs of 0.82 and 0.84, respectively. multivariate logistic regression identified age, CA199 and Ki67 expression as independent predictors of LVSI (P<0.05), with the combined clinical-pathological model achieving an AUC of 0.834. The final fusion model, incorporating both radiomics and clinical-pathological features, achieved an AUC of 0.920, demonstrating superior predictive performance compared to single-modality models. Conclusion The integration of mpMRI-derived radiomics with key clinical and pathological factors significantly enhances the predictive accuracy for LVSI in endometrial cancer. this fusion approach may provide valuable support for accurate preoperative staging and the development of individualized treatment strategies.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, and its early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve the prognosis of patients. Ultrasound radiomics technology can extract a large number of quantitative features from ultrasound images, and use advanced image processing and data analysis techniques to assist clinical diagnosis, treatment decision-making and prognosis evaluation. In recent years, with the rise of the field of peritumoral radiomics, it provides a new perspective for evaluating tumor microenvironment, predicting tumor invasion and metastasis potential, guiding treatment options and prognosis evaluation. This article reviews the overview of peritumoral radiomics and ultrasound peritumoral radiomics in identifying benign and malignant breast tumors, predicting molecular staging of breast cancer, pathological diagnosis, lymph node status, efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and prognostic assessment, with the aim of providing guidance for precise diagnostic and therapeutic practice of breast tumors.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided puncture and aspiration combined with vacuum cupping and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of fistula stage plasma cell mastitis (PCM). Methods Sixty cases of PCM in fistula stage at Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were collected and randomized into 30 cases each in the intervention group and VSD group, according to the presence or absence of broken skin surface was categorized into ulcerated and non-ulcerated type. In the intervention group, ultrasound-guided puncture and aspiration and hedging, vacuum cupping and negative pressure suction were performed. A negative pressure drainage device was placed after fistula resection in the VSD group. The clinical efficacy of the two treatment protocols were compared. Results The differences between the intervention group and the VSD group in terms of total effective rate of treatment, short-term recurrence rate, and preoperative and postoperative VAS scores were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The initial maximum diameter of the lesion, postoperative scar area, and wound healing time were smaller in the intervention group than in the VSD group; the degree of pain relief, breast shape integrity, and patient satisfaction were better than in the VSD group, and the treatment time was longer than in the VSD group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in clinical efficacy between ultrasound-guided puncture and fluid extraction combined with vacuum cupping and VSD, and patient satisfaction is higher, it can be an effective treatment option for fistula stage PCM patients with fertility requirements or who value the integrity of the breast shape.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT versus conventional imaging methods in patients with postoperative peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer based on elevated CA125 levels. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 87 postoperative patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer at the Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023. The diagnostic performance of four imaging modalities were investigated: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS), transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) or MRI, in detecting peritoneal metastasis in patients with elevated postoperative CA125 levels exceeding 35 U/mL. The parameters compared include sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each diagnostic method in the context of postoperative peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer patients. Results The sensitivities of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, TAUS, TVUS, CECT or MRI for diagnosing postoperative peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer patients were 96.67%, 37.70%, 56.67%, 79.37%, respectively; specificities were 85.19%, 88.46%, 92.59%, 54.17%, respectively; accuracies were 93.10%, 52.87%, 67.82%, 72.41%, respectively; positive predictive values were 93.54%, 88.46%, 94.44%, 81.97%, respectively; negative predictive values were 92.00%, 37.70%, 49.02%, 50.00%, respectively. Conclusion The accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing peritoneal metastasis or recurrence in patients with elevated CA125 levels following ovarian cancer surgery is high, enabling the early detection of peritoneal metastatic lesions.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia, characterized primarily by impairments in attention, information processing, and executive function. Accurate differential diagnosis and early intervention remain challenging. MRI with its non-invasive and reproducible features, plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of VaD. Structural MRI can identify white matter hyperintensities, gray matter atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and perivascular space changes. Resting-state functional MRI reveals alterations in local brain activity and functional connectivity in VaD patients. Diffusion tensor imaging quantitatively assesses white matter tract abnormalities, while arterial spin labeling enables non-invasive measurement of cerebral perfusion. Additionally, magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects concentrations of brain metabolites. The integration of multimodal MRI analyses further enhances the diagnostic and monitoring potential of MRI for VaD. This review summarizes recent advancements in multimodal MRI applications for the diagnosis of VaD, providing new strategies for early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, disease monitoring, and intervention.

Objective To investigate the prenatal ultrasonographic features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, and postnatal follow-up evaluation of fetal ovarian cysts. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on cases of suspected fetal ovarian cysts detected by prenatal ultrasound. Parameters including gestational age, cyst location, size, internal echogenicity, and MRI signal characteristics were systematically analyzed. Based on outcomes, cases were categorized into vanishing and non-vanishing groups. The non-vanishing group underwent surgical intervention and was further subdivided into torsion and non-torsion subgroups. Comparative analyses were performed on cyst echogenicity, dimensional changes, and positional variations across subgroups. Results Among 164 initially identified ovarian cysts, 33 cases were lost to follow-up and one case underwent pregnancy termination, resulting in 130 cases for final analysis. The vanishing group (n=102, 78.5%) demonstrated significantly higher proportions of simple cysts (88/102, 86.3%) and positional stability (100/102, 98.0%) compared to the non-vanishing group (P<0.05). Among 28 surgically managed non-vanishing cases, torsion occurred in 12 cases (42.9%), all presenting as complex cysts. The torsion subgroup exhibited 100% complex cyst morphology (12/12) compared to 25% (4/16) in non-torsion cases (P<0.05). The difference between the changes in size and location of cysts in the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Median cyst volumes significantly differed between torsion 18.7 (12.8, 61.1) cm³ and non-torsion groups 69.7 (49.9, 149.2) cm³, (P<0.05). Conclusion Surveillance of fetal ovarian cysts should prioritize complex morphology and monitor dimensional/positional changes. Combined ultrasound-MRI evaluation is recommended for persistent complex cysts to facilitate early detection of adnexal torsion and optimize torsional prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinical value of MRI in identifying high-risk factors for placenta accreta and postpartum hemorrhage in patients with complete placenta previa. Methods A total of 50 patients with complete placenta previa admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from November 2020 to October 2024 were selected as the study subjects. Based on pathological results, the patients were divided into a placenta accreta group (n=41) and a non-placenta accreta group (n=9). According to the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, the patients were further divided into a postpartum hemorrhage group (n=42) and a non-postpartum hemorrhage group (n=8). The relationship between MRI features and the occurrence of placenta accreta and postpartum hemorrhage in patients with complete placenta previa was analyzed. The Kappa consistency test was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of prenatal MRI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess MRI features as independent risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage. Results Prenatal MRI findings showed good consistency with pathological results (Kappa=0.675). Comparisons between the placenta accreta group and the non-placenta accreta group, as well as between the postpartum hemorrhage group and the non-postpartum hemorrhage group, revealed statistically significant differences in six out of seven MRI features (P<0.05), except for the sign of thickened and irregular bladder wall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the T2WI low-signal band and placental thickness in the lower uterine segment were independent risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage (P<0.05). Conclusion Prenatal MRI demonstrates high consistency with pathological results in diagnosing placenta accreta. The T2WI low-signal band and placental thickness in the lower uterine segment are independent risk factors for predicting postpartum hemorrhage, providing valuable predictive insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Concomitant depression is extremely common among the patients with Parkinson's disease and greatly affects the quality of life and prognosis of Parkinson, at the same time,the importance of recognising and diagnosing depression in Parkinson's remains grossly underestimated in clinical practice. Abnormal structural and functional alterations of the nucleus accumbens, as a key component of the limbic system and reward circuits in the brain, are often regarded as a potential physiological mechanism leading to depression and other psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we would not only take the nucleus accumbens as an entry point, but also review from both structural and functional MRI technology aspects,and discusse the significance of abnormalities in the nucleus accumbens of patients of depression with Parkinson's disease,with the aim of helping clinicians better diagnose and pave new perspectives and ideas for future research work.

Myocardial wall motion dysfunction represents a pivotal early pathophysiological mechanism underlying the structural and functional deterioration observed in various cardiovascular diseases, and it is strongly correlated with patient prognosis. Gated myocardial perfusion imaging is a cornerstone non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating myocardial ischemia and viability in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Utilizing advanced post-processing software, gated myocardial perfusion imaging enables the quantification of both global and regional left ventricular functional parameters. Recent advancements have significantly enhanced myocardial wall motion assessment. These include dedicated cardiac SPECT technology, optimized acquisition protocols, sophisticated image reconstruction algorithms, and the integration of artificial intelligence. This review examines the application value and research progress of gated myocardial perfusion imaging in cardiovascular diseases. It focuses on early diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostic evaluation, particularly in ischemic heart disease. Additionally, the review critically analyzes the current limitations of G-MPI. It also explores future directions to provide novel insights for precise diagnosis and therapeutic management of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To evaluate coronary microcirculation obstruction (MVO) in hypertensive patients using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods A total of 145 patients diagnosed with hypertension in our hospital from October 2023 to October 2024 were randomly included. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging included conventional cardiac cine sequence, late-gadolinium enhanced (LGE) delayed phase scan, and feature tracking technique. MVO was diagnosed based on delayed phase scan and the patients were divided into observation group (n=68) and control group (n=77). The measurement parameters included global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS) of left ventricle, as well as LS, RS, and CS of the apical, middle, and basal segments, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and so on. Results Compared with control group, the observation group showed significant increases in average systolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, LVMI, GLS, and basal LS (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that increased GLS was only independent risk factor to MVO in hypertensive patients (OR=3.032, 95% CI: 2.426-4.032, P<0.001). ROC curve showed that area under the curve of GLS for MVO diagnosis was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.756-0.923, P<0.001). Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging based on feature tracking technology measuring left ventricular GLS has good accuracy in hypertensive patients for the diagnosis of MVO, which can be used as an alternative technique for LGE delayed phase scan, improving the safety of examination.

Abdominal CT examinations, characterized by broad anatomical coverage and multiphase scanning protocols, pose significant challenges in radiation dose control. Merely adjusting hardware parameters often fails to balance radiation reduction with diagnostic image quality. As a core technology that breaks through traditional hardware limitations, reconstruction algorithms have shown great potential in the field of low-dose abdominal CT. This review systematically examines the developmental trajectory, clinical applications, and limitations of conventional filtered back projection (FBP), iterative reconstruction (IR) and deep learning image reconstruction algorithms in low-dose abdominal CT. A focused analysis is provided on the technical principles, clinical application value, and potential shortcomings of mainstream algorithms such as ASIR-V and TrueFidelity^TM, aims to establish a theoretical foundation for selecting optimal reconstruction protocols in clinical practice and proposes future directions for algorithm refinement (such as integration with spectral CT and photon-counting detector technologies).

Objective To explore the value of a nomogram based on ultrasound features combined with clinical and pathological indicators in predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis (SLNM) risk in T1 breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 306 breast cancer patients pathologically confirmed at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of SLNM. A predictive model was established and visualized as a Nomogram. The model was validated using the validation set, calibration curves, ROC curves and decision curve analysis. Results Multivariate Logistic regression identified four independent predictors of SLNM: tumor aspect ratio, margin characteristics, axillary lymph node status, and Ki-67 expression status. The nomogram incorporating these indicators demonstrated good predictive performance, with AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.86) in the training set and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74-0.93) in the validation set. Calibration curves confirmed the model's accuracy. Conclusion The developed nomogram effectively predicts SLNM risk in T1 breast cancer patients. It may serve as a tool to identify patients who do not require sentinel lymph node biopsy and guide decisions on axillary lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) image-assisted diagnostic system in the prediction of pulmonary nodules and its clinical application value. Methods A total of 212 patients with definitive pathologic diagnoses of pulmonary nodules underwent analysis of their preoperative chest CT images, which were provided in DICOM format, using the AI-assisted diagnostic system. The diagnostic effectiveness of the AI model and Lung-RADS were compared in predicting of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules with different clinical and imaging characteristics. Results The AI model demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than Lung-RADS in distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules (70.75% vs 60.85%, P<0.05). Results of the stratified analysis were as follows. By age: The AI model showed higher accuracy than Lung-RADS for patients aged 50-59 years (70.31% vs 53.13%, P<0.05). By nodule position: There were no significant differences between he AI model and Lung-RADS (P>0.05). By nodule density: The AI model showed higher accuracy than Lung-RADS for the mixed-ground glass nodules (74.51% vs 49.02%, P<0.05). By nodule size: The AI model showed higher accuracy than Lung-RADS for the nodules measuring 10-19 mm in diameter (74.75% vs 66.67%, P<0.05). By malignant pathology: The AI model exhibited higher accuracy in predicting adenocarcinoma nodules compared to Lung-RADS (77.52% vs 62.79%, P<0.05). Conclusion The AI image-assisted diagnostic system surpasses Lung-RADS in assessing the benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. With ongoing technological advancements, it has the potential to provide a reliable foundation for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.

Objective To analyze the effects of contrast media with different iodine concentrations on image quality and radiation dose of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods The data of 144 patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to the Sichuan Science City Hospital from January 2020 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent dual-source CCTA after admission, and the fixed iodine flow rate was controlled within the same weight range. The patients were divided into group A (n=48), group B (n=48) and group C (n=48) according to different iodine concentrations in contrast media. The iodine concentrations of contrast media used in group A, B and C were 270 mgI/mL, 320 mgI/mL, 350 mgI/mL, respectively. The subjective image quality, CT values of the aortic root, right coronary artery and proximal left anterior descending artery, image noise, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and radiation doses under contrast media with different iodine concentrations were compared. Results There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of the distribution of excellent, good and moderate quality of subjective coronary artery display, CT values of the aortic root, right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery, SD value, SNR, CTDI, DLP, ED (P>0.05). Conclusion Under a fixed iodine flow rate, there is no significant difference in image quality and radiation dose of CCTA using contrast media with different iodine concentrations (270, 320, 350 mgI/mL). For patients without obesity or severe renal dysfunction prioritize, contrast media with low iodine concentration is recommended to reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity.

Objective To explore the metabolic parameters of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in lung cancer, and analyze their differences and correlations with various histologic types, different histologic grades, and Ki-67 indices. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 178 lung cancer patients (119 males and 59 females, 35-79 years old) who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examinations prior to surgical resection or pathological biopsy at our institution from January 2022 to October 2024. The SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV and TLG were extracted from the imaging data. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in metabolic parameters across different pathological types and differentiation grades, while Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the correlation between metabolic parameters and the Ki-67 index. Results Significant differences in SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV, TLG, and Ki-67 index were observed among squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung cancer (P<0.001). Small cell lung cancer exhibited the highest values for these parameters, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. In overall analysis, SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV, TLG, and Ki-67 in lung cancer all exhibited moderate to strong positive correlations (P<0.05). Among them, SUV_max had the strongest positive correlation with Ki-67 (r=0.522, P<0.05), followed by TLG (r=0.520, P<0.05). According to lung cancer subtypes,adenocarcinoma's SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV and TLG demonstrated varying degrees of significant positive correlation with the Ki-67 index (P<0.001), with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.460, 0.414, 0.396, 0.408, respectively, where SUV_max showed the strongest correlation, followed by SUV_mean. In contrast, the metabolic parameters in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma do not show a significant correlation with Ki-67 (P>0.05). The Ki-67 index in squamous cell carcinoma revealed significant differences among different differentiation grades (P<0.05), while no significant differences were noted for SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV and TLG (P>0.05). In adenocarcinoma, significant differences were found in SUV_max, SUV_mean and Ki-67 index across various differentiation grades (P<0.05), whereas MTV and TLG showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion There were significant differences in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and Ki-67 among different pathological types of lung cancer, and there was a certain correlation between metabolic parameters and Ki-67. Significant differences in Ki-67 were observed between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the SUV_max and SUV_mean of adenocarcinoma showed significant variations across different differentiation levels.

Objective To develop a combined nomogram model based on enhanced CT imaging features and clinical indicators for predicting early recurrence (ER) in untreated intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and to compare the performance of this model with radiomics and clinical models. Methods In this retrospective, two-center study, 55 HCC patients who underwent enhanced CT before TACE at Affiliated Hefei First People's Hospital from February 2020 to February 2024 were randomly divided into training and validation groups using five-fold cross-validation. Clinical data, CT radiomics data, pathological data, and serum markers collected within one week before TACE were collected and evaluated for all patients. Radiomic features were selected using univariate rank sum tests and Spearman correlation analysis. Radscore was calculated based on the linear product of logistic regression model coefficients and feature values. Significant variables were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram was constructed. The model's performance was assessed using ROC curves and decision curve analysis. Results In both the training and validation groups, the combined nomogram model had AUCs of 0.787 (95% CI: 0.52-1.05) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.54-1.14), respectively, for predicting early recurrence after TACE. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis indicated that prothrombin time (P<0.05) was an independent serum marker associated with early recurrence after TACE. In both the training and validation groups, the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the clinical model and the radiomic nomogram model alone were lower than those of the combined clinical-radiomic nomogram model. Decision curve analysis showed that the combined nomogram model had greater net benefit. Conclusion The proposed combined nomogram model has the potential to accurately predict early recurrence in HCC patients after TACE.

Objective To analyze the impact of using the fixed tube current technique, CARE Dose 4D, and X-CARE technique during head CT examinations on the radiation dose and image quality of the patients, and develop a head CT scanning protocol that can effectively safeguard radio sensitive organs. Methods We prospectively gathered ninety patients for head CT scans at Xuzhou First People's Hospital from May 2023 to Februray 2024 and randomly assigned them to three group, with 30 patients in each group, including the fixed tube current technique (group A), CARE Dose 4D (group B), and the X-CARE technique (group C). The variability of radiation dose in patients across the different groups was analyzed using volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) and radiation dose of eye lens surface comparisons. Two radiologists with rich experience in film reading were used to perform the subjective score of image quality according to the five-point scale by double-blind method, and the differences of image quality among different groups were compared by using the SD, SNR and subjective score of the images. Results The CTDIvol of the A, B and C group were 49.61±0.40, 33.85±3.20 and 32.40±3.11 mGy, respectively, SSDE were 34.26±1.77, 28.08±5.34 and 27.29±5.30 mGy, respectively. The ocular surface doses were 6.76±0.46, 3.41±0.40 and 2.05±0.73 mSv, respectively. Compared with fixed tube current, CARE Dose 4D and X-CARE technology reduced radiation dose CTDIvol by 31.76% and 34.69%, respectively, and SSDE by 36.55% and 38.34%, respectively. SSDE was 10.78% lower than CTDIvol. For image quality, the noise and SNR of the images using CARE Dose 4D and X-CARE techniques were lower than those of the fixed tube current group, but there was no statistically significant difference in subjective scores among the three groups of images (P>0.05). Conclusion X-CARE technology can effectively reduce the radiation dose of head CT scanning while guaranteeing image quality and protecting the sensitive organs in the eyes.

Objective To explore the relationship between CT fat attenuation index (FAI) of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and coronary atherosclerosis, plaque properties. Methods A total of 138 patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CTA) in the hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. FAI value of PCAT in all patients was measured to analyze its relationship with coronary atherosclerosis and plaque properties. Results There were 206 lesions in all the 138 patients. FAI value of PCAT has certain relationship with coronary stenosis and plaque properties. FAI value in plaques with mild, moderate and severe coronary stenosis was greater than that with slight stenosis, and which was gradually decreased in non-calcification plaques, mixed plaques and calcification plaques (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that FAI value was positively correlated with plaque properties (P<0.05). Conclusion FAI value of PCAT has certain correlation with coronary atherosclerosis and plaque properties. Measuring FAI value around plaques with high risk of unstable inflammation is beneficial to clinically evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the predictive potential of building a nomogram model for testicular torsion (TT) by combining clinical characteristics and ultrasound signals. Methods The clinical data of 272 patients with scrotal pain in Inner Mongolia People's Hospital from March 2011 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the 7:3 random machine, they were divided into training set (n=190) and validation set (n=82). The training set consisted of 97 non-TT patients and 93 TT patients, based on the findings of surgical exploration and follow-up. The validation set consisted of 41 non-TT patients and 41 TT patients. The clinical information and several ultrasonic characteristics of the patients were compared using the training set. R software was used to create the risk prediction model of TT visual nomogram in scrotal discomfort after univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to check for independent influencing factors. The model's performance was examined and assessed using the ROC curve, calibration, and decision curves. Results Age, internal testicular parenchymal echogenicity, testicular blood flow signal grade, Spermatic cord whirlpool, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were all independent risk variables for TT prediction, according to the results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis (P<0.05). A nomogram prediction model was established using the aforementioned criteria. Both the validation set and the model training set had corresponding area under the curves of 0.980 and 0.995. The calibration curve demonstrated that the model's TT prediction probability in both the training and validation sets tended to match the likelihood of actual occurrence. In the training and validation sets, the average absolute error between the expected and actual outcomes was 0.018 and 0.040, respectively. The decision curve demonstrates that the net benefit of predicting TT in the training set and the verification set is higher when the model's probability thresholds are 1%-100% and 1%-93%, respectively. Conclusion In addition to providing a visual aid for clinical decision-making, the nomogram model based on ultrasound indicators in conjunction with clinical factors can accurately estimate TT risk.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of diverse expression parameters of ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging for pathological grading of prostate cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical characteristics, as well as ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging data of 235 patients who were initially diagnosed with prostate cancer at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2022 to May 2024. The enrolled patients were classified into the low-grade group and high-grade group according to the Gleason grading system. Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the differences in total prostate specific antigen (TPSA) and each expression parameter of PET/CT before treatment between the two groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was utilized to analyze the correlation between different expression parameters and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grouping, as well as pre-treatment TPSA values. A binary multifactorial logistic regression model was adopted to identify the independent predictors of prostate cancer pathological grading. Additionally, ROC curves were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of different expression parameters for high-grade prostate cancer. Results Statistically significant differences was observed in the different expression parameters between the two groups (P<0.001). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis indicated that each expression parameter of both imaging modalities was positively correlated with ISUP grading and pre-examination TPSA values. Binary multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that only SUV_max2 of ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging was an independent predictor of ISUP grading, with an OR of 0.54(0.293-0.993, P=0.047). PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA had the largest areas under the ROC curve (0.950 and 0.928, respectively, P<0.001). Conclusion ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT expression parameters, namely SUV_max2, PSMA-TV, and TL-PSMA, exhibit greater advantages in the early prediction of prostate cancer pathologic grading.

Objective To analyze the two-dimensional sonographic characteristics and blood flow distribution patterns of endometrial cancer (EC) using the consensus terminology of the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA), and explore the diagnostic value of combining IETA ultrasound features with tumor markers in predicting the pathological grading of EC. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the ultrasound images and serum tumor marker levels of 147 EC patients at Affiliated Hospital of Qiaodao University from January 2020 to August 2024. According to the 2023 staging system of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the enrolled cases were divided into a low-grade group (n=104) and a high-grade group (n=43) based on histological types. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of individual indicators and combined multi-factor indicators. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using ROC curves, and the AUC was calculated. Results Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the low-grade and high-grade groups in CA125, HE4, endometrium-myometrium junction morphology, endometrial echogenicity, blood flow scores, and lesion diameter (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified CA125, endometrium-myometrium junction morphology, blood flow scores, and lesion diameter as independent risk factors for predicting high-grade EC (P<0.05). The combined multi-factor indicators showed a sensitivity of 69.80%, specificity of 82.70%, accuracy of 81.13%, and an AUC of 0.81, which was significantly higher than that of individual indicators. Conclusion The combination of IETA ultrasound features and CA125 demonstrates high diagnostic value in predicting the pathological grades of EC. It provides critical evidence for the early identification of high-grade EC patients.

Objective To evaluate the potential of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in improving image quality and reducing radiation dose by comparing the noise power spectrum, task-based transfer function and lesion detection capability. Methods The ACR464 phantom was scanned using GE Revolution APEX CT and eight different noise indices (NI=10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28) were set. The original data were subjected to image reconstruction using filtered back-projection (FBP), multi-model iterative reconstruction algorithms (ASiR-V) at 40%, ASiR-V at 60%, ASiR-V at 80%, and different levels of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR-L, DLIR-M, DLIR-H) algorithms. The image quality was evaluated by using imQuest software to calculate the noise power spectrum (NPS), task-based transfer function (TTF), and detection capability index (d') of different reconstruction algorithms. Results Among all the reconstruction algorithms, the NPS peak of DLIR-H was the lowest. With the increase of noise index, both NPS and fav move towards low frequencies. The fav of DLIR-H (0.24-0.27 mm^-1) was only 40% lower than that of ASiR-V (0.26-0.28 mm^-1). The TTF_50% value was not affected by the DLIR level. The TTF_50% value was (37.44±10.85)% and (46.24±15.28)% higher than that of ASiR-V60% and 80%, respectively. The detection ability of both large and small features in deep learning image reconstruction was 40% higher than that of ASiR-V. When comparing the radiation doses with comparable lesions detection capabilities of 40% ASiR-V at NI=10 and DLIR-H, the radiation dose for small features decreased by approximately 76.48%, and that for large features decreased by approximately 72.59%. Conclusion Deep learning image reconstruction can not only reduce noise, improve spatial resolution and lesion detectibility without changing noise texture, but also has more powerful ability to reduce radiation dose than ASiR-V.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture based on morphological parameters from computed tomography angiography (CTA), clinical characteristics of patients, and hematological inflammatory indicators. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 176 IA patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from November 2022 to September 2024. Based on the presence or absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, patients were categorized into an unruptured group (n=72) and a ruptured group (n=104). Clinical data, hematological inflammatory indicators, and CTA-derived aneurysmal morphological parameters were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for IA rupture. Additionally, ROC curves and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these risk factors. Results Irregular morphology (OR=3.079, 95%CI: 1.030-9.200, P=0.044), presence of daughter sacs (OR=3.271, 95% CI: 1.109-9.650, P=0.032), elevated size ratio (OR=2.117, 95%CI: 1.074-4.170, P=0.030), increased aspect ratio (OR=7.189, 95%CI: 1.242-41.619, P=0.028), and elevated systemic inflammatory response index (OR=1.500, 95%CI: 1.242-1.810, P<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for IA rupture, with AUC values of 0.77, 0.75, 0.67, 0.75 and 0.93, respectively. Conclusion Analysis based on CTA morphological parameters combined with clinical factors and blood inflammation indicators reveals that IAs with irregular morphology, presence of daughter sacs, high size ratio, high aspect ratio, and elevated systemic inflammatory response index are all high-risk factors for aneurysm rupture. These factors hold immense importance in accurately predicting the risk of aneurysm rupture.

Objective To develop and validate a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN)-based CT-assisted diagnostic model for tuberculosis (TB) activity grading, aiming to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. The model incorporates Grad-CAM visualization technology to provide interpretability analysis of its decision-making process. Methods Retrospective data were collected from 300 patients who underwent non-contrast chest CT scans at Jining Public Health Medical Center from January 2020 to December 2024. According to the Diagnostic Criteria for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (WS 288-2017) and comprehensive clinical evaluation (including sputum culture, pathological results, anti-TB treatment response, and follow-up imaging dynamics), patients were stratified into three groups, with 100 cases in each group: normal lung group, active TB group, inactive TB group. The 3D-CNN model was employed to extract spatial features from CT images, with model parameters optimized through cross-validation. Model performance was systematically evaluated. The Grad-CAM algorithm generated heatmaps to identify critical regions of model attention, with results validated against clinical diagnostic standards. Results The model achieved 95.00% of classification accuracy, 95.30% of sensitivity, and 95.60% of specificity on the test set. Grad-CAM visualizations demonstrated high spatial concordance between model-identified regions and expert-annotated lesion areas. Conclusion The 3D-CNN-based CT-assisted diagnostic model shows high performance in TB activity grading and may serve as an effective clinical decision-support tool. The integration of Grad-CAM enhances model transparency and credibility.

Objective To evaluate the value of a radiomics-based machine learning model in predicting the invasiveness of pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 208 pGGNs identified in our department from August 2022 to August 2024. Based on pathological results, the nodules were classified into non-invasive and invasive groups. CT characteristics of the nodules were recorded, and radiomics features were extracted from CT images. Optimal radiomics features were selected to construct a predictive model. ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The diagnostic performance of the radiomics model was compared with that of radiologists alone and radiologists assisted by the radiomics model. Results After dimensionality reduction, six optimal features were selected to build a logistic regression model. In the training set, the model achieved an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.786, 0.771 and 0.875, respectively, while in the validation set, these values were 0.776, 0.735 and 0.859. The radiomics model outperformed radiologists in diagnostic accuracy and enhanced radiologists' diagnostic performance when used in combination. Conclusion The CT radiomics-based machine learning model demonstrates high predictive efficacy for determining the invasiveness of pulmonary pGGNs and provides valuable guidance for clinical decision-making.

Objective An electromics model for habitat imaging was proposed to predict sentinel lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer. Methods The MRI characteristics of 176 patients in our hospital from August 2016 to November 2022 were collected pretreatment, and whether there was metastasis in the sentinel lymph nodes was confirmed by pathological biopsy. Multiple sequences of MRI of the breast tumor region pretreatment were used for habitat imaging in all patients. Results The stepwise multivariate analysis results indicated that the factors associated with sentinel lymph node metastasis include vascular invasion and spiculation (P<0.05). With K=3 as the optimal number of clusters, the region of interest was divided into three subregions for the extraction of radiomics features to construct a habitat model. The habitat prediction model outperformed the single-modality radiomics prediction model in both the training cohort (AUC=0.876, 95% CI: 0.815-0.938) and the validation cohort (AUC=0.824, 95% CI: 0.683-0.964). The clinical nomogram constructed by combining clinical risk factors with habitat radiomics demonstrated superior performance in the training cohort (AUC=0.920, 95% CI: 0.875-0.965) and the validation cohort (AUC=0.908, 95% CI: 0.810-1.000). Conclusion The radiomics-based habitat nomogram shows outstanding diagnostic effectiveness and has the potential to act as a valuable auxiliary tool for preoperative assessment of sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

Objective To explore an integrated model that combines intratumoral and peritumoral sonographic features along with clinicopathological factors for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 145 female breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our hospital. Based on postoperative pathological results, the patients were divided into a pathological complete response (pCR) group (n=85) and a non-pCR group (n=60). The intratumoral and peritumoral regions were demarcated, and radiomics features were extracted using 3D Slicer software. The radiomics model was constructed, and radiomics scores were obtained through the support vector machine algorithm. The radiomics score with the highest performance from the radiomics model and the clinical independent predictors were selected to construct a nomogram model. The ROC curve was drawn to assess the predictive performance of each model. Results In comparison to single intratumoral and peritumoral models, the intratumoral+peritumoral model exhibited a superior prediction effect. ER and HER-2 were chosen as independent predictors to construct a clinical model. The AUC of the training set and validation set were 0.707 and 0.778 respectively. The diagnostic performance of the nomogram model was enhanced compared to the other models, and the AUC of the training set and validation set was increased to 0.874 and 0.885. Conclusion The nomogram model based on the intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics scores of primary breast cancer derived from pre-treatment ultrasound images in combination with clinical factors holds significant predictive value for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. This model is expected to guide clinical decision-making.

Objective To explore the effects of individualized positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) on respiratory mechanics during recovery, oxygenation and postoperative complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery. Methods According to random number table method, 84 patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery in the hospital were divided into control group (routine PEEP-fraction of inspired oxygen) and experimental group (individualized PEEP titration based on EIT) between October 2022 and October 2024, including 42 cases per group. The differences in respiratory mechanics, oxygenation function and hemodynamics at different time points during recovery [immediately after entering the recovery room (T1), 30min of mechanical ventilation (T2), after awaking (T3)], postoperative rehabilitation indexes and incidence of complications within 1 week were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative PEEP and optimal PEEP in recovery room in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). At T1, there was no significant difference in dynamic compliance (Cdyn), peak airway pressure (P_peak), plateau pressure (P_plat), ΔP or oxygenation index (OI) between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with T1, Cdyn and OI were increased in both groups at T2 and T3, which were higher in experimental group than control group (P<0.05), while P_peak, P_plat and ΔP were decreased, which were lower in experimental group than control group (P<0.05). From T1-T3, there was no significant difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure or heart rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The extubation time, awaking time and length of hospital stay in experimental group were shorter than those in control group (P<0.05). Within 1 week after surgery, incidence of hypoxemia, ventilator-associated lung injury and postoperative pulmonary complications in experimental groups was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Individualized PEEP based on EIT can effectively improve respiratory mechanics and oxygenation function during recovery, reduce postoperative complications and improve recovery quality in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery, without significant effects on hemodynamics.

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a serious health-threatening syndrome characterized by an extremely high mortality and disability rate, therefore, early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of patients with APE are critical. Inflammatory response and coagulation processes are important links in the formation of embolism and are involved in this pathophysiological process. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is often correlated with the extent of pulmonary artery involvement and the degree of right heart dysfunction. Key imaging parameters, including the longest diameter of the right ventricular short axis to the longest diameter of the left ventricle short axis ratio, the Qanadli index, pulmonary artery diameter, and pulmonary artery dilation, are crucial for predicting poor prognosis in APE. This article aims to review recent advancements in clinical features, imaging parameters, serum biomarkers and their combinations for predicting the prognosis of patients with APE. The goal is to enhance the prognostic accuracy of APE, assist clinicians in better risk stratification and personalized treatment planning and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment in at least one domain, caused by cerebrovascular lesions and their risk factors, with an increasing incidence among middle-aged and elderly populations. In recent years, advancements in MRI have provided new methods for the study of VCI. Among these, diffusion tensor imaging, which is currently the only non-invasive technique that allows visualization of the arrangement of white matter fiber tracts in living brains, has unique advantages in VCI research. This article will review the concept of diffusion tensor imaging and its various applications in VCI, including white matter lesions, diagnosis and classification, risk factor identification, and prevention and treatment, while also discussing its limitations and prospects for future development. This aims to provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and pathological research of neurological diseases.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of a radiomics model based on the intratumoral and peritumoral regions in contrast-enhanced CT for peritumoral tumor deposits (TDs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on contrast-enhanced CT images of 330 CRC patients, confirmed by surgical pathology, from our hospital and the TCIA database between January 2017 and September 2024. Based on postoperative pathology, patients were classified into TDs-positive and TDs-negative groups. Using random sampling, patients were split into a training set (n=231) and a testing set (n=99) in a 7:3 ratio. Regions of interest (ROI) were manually delineated layer by layer on contrast-enhanced venous-phase images to generate volume of interest. The peritumoral ROIs were expanded outward by 2, 4 and 6 mm. Radiomic features were extracted from each ROI using pyradiomics, and LASSO was employed for feature selection. XGBoost machine learning algorithm was used to construct separate prediction models for intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined intratumoral-peritumoral features. The diagnostic performance of each model was evaluated using ROC curves, and the DeLong test was used to compare the predictive performance of different models. Results The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the intratumoral model was 0.937 in the training set and 0.828 in the testing set. Among the peritumoral models, the 4 mm peritumoral region exhibited the best diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.933 in the training set and 0.830 in the testing set. The combined intratumoral-peritumoral model demonstrated the highest predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.951 in the training set and 0.883 in the testing set. Decision curve analysis indicated that the combined model provided the highest net benefit for predicting TDs. Conclusion The radiomics model integrating intratumoral and peritumoral regions based on contrast-enhanced CT effectively predicts peritumoral TDs in CRC, offering the highest net benefit for TDs prediction. This model can assist clinicians in decision-making and outperforms traditional radiomics models based on either intratumoral or peritumoral features alone.

The metal artifacts generated by the metal implants in the body will cover the anatomical structure and reduce the diagnostic accuracy in the postoperative review.Dual-energy CT virtual monoenergetic imaging combined with MAR technology can effectively reduce the influence of metal artifacts on CT image quality, but the optimal monoenergetic level for suppressing metal artifacts in different parts is different. Therefore, this article reviews the current research status of the optimal monochromatic energy levels for reducing metal artifacts in different locations, including intracranial aneurysm embolization, oral metal implants, spinal internal fixation, hip replacement, and other implants. This review aims to provide a scientific basis for clinical imaging practice, thereby optimizing imaging parameters and improving the accuracy of postoperative evaluation.

Objective To utilize ultrasound radiomics technology combined with clinical indicators and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to construct a combined model, thereby improving the diagnostic accuracy of PCa in the gray zone. Methods The diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) within the prostate-specific antigen gray zone (4-10 ng/mL) is relatively low, and traditional methods struggle to effectively differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. This study aims to utilize ultrasound radiomics technology combined with clinical indicators and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to construct a combined model, thereby improving the diagnostic accuracy of PCa in the gray zone. Results Among the 137 patients, 55 were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 82 had benign lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that free prostate-specific antigen and peak intensity were independent predictors of PCa in the gray zone (P<0.05). The combined model achieved AUC values of 0.965 and 0.893 in the training and validation sets, respectively, significantly outperforming the single models. The DCA curve indicated that the combined model had a higher net benefit at low-risk thresholds, and the calibration curve further confirmed its accuracy. Conclusion The combined model constructed using ultrasound radiomics, clinical indicators, and CEUS significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of PCa in the gray zone, providing an effective auxiliary diagnostic tool for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the clinical reference value of a nomogram prediction model based on multimodal ultrasound features in predicting high Ki-67 expression in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Methods Multimodal ultrasound imaging features and Ki-67 expression levels were collected from 180 patients with pathologically confirmed IDC who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to August 2024. Patients were divided into a high Ki-67 expression group (n=130) and a low Ki-67 expression group (n=50) based on a Ki-67 positivity rate of ≥20%. Multimodal ultrasound parameters and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Significant variables were screened through univariate analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression was further conducted to explore independent influencing factors. The final variables were selected through LASSO and stepwise regression methods, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed. Results The results of univariate and multivariate Logistic regression showed that the maximum diameter of the mass (OR=1.068, 95% CI: 1.022-1.115, P=0.003), microcalcification (OR=9.960, 95% CI: 4.183-23.715, P<0.001), virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) (OR=7.937, 95% CI: 1.949-32.258, P=0.004), and the moth-eaten sign (OR=28.571, 95% CI: 4.808-166.667, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for high Ki-67 expression. A nomogram prediction model for high Ki-67 expression was established using variables such as the maximum diameter of the mass, microcalcification, VTI score≥4, and the moth-eaten sign. The results showed that the C-index of this model was 0.852. Internal validation through Bootstrap resampling suggested high consistency of the model, and clinical decision curve analysis indicated that the model had significant clinical net benefit. Conclusion Maximum tumor diameter, microcalcifications, VTI score≥4, and moth-eaten sign are independent factors influencing high Ki-67 expression in IDC patients. The nomogram prediction model for high Ki-67 expression, constructed based on these factors, demonstrates good predictive performance and provides a reference for clinical decision-making in IDC patients, potentially contributing to improved prognosis.

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, and drug sensitivity. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a metalloenzyme that is highly expressed in certain tumor microenvironments and is closely related to tumor cell genesis, development and drug resistance. Its high expression in tumors and low expression in normal tissues makes it a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of tumors. With the in-depth research on antitumor drugs and radionuclide-targeted therapy targeting CAIX, the detection of CAIX expression using noninvasive radiopharmaceuticals has become more urgent in order to meet the strategy of diagnostic and therapeutic integration. In this paper, we summarize and review the research on CAIX-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in recent years, analyze and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies, small molecules and peptides, as well as the prospects of their clinical application, so as to optimize the structure of the drugs, reduce the side effects and meet the clinical needs, and to accelerate the clinical application of these drugs.

Objective To establish a qualitative diagnostic nomogram for cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) based on ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 2,697 patients who underwent fine needle aspiration of CLNs at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2020 to December 2023. The analysis encompassed a total of 3014 enlarged CLNs, which were categorised into 1489 benign and 1525 malignant cases based on pathological findings. Clinicopathplogical information, B-mode ultrasound images, and color Doppler ultrasound images were systematically collected. Two experienced radiologists independently reviewed the imaging features of the lymph nodes. The patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. In the validation cohort, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify candidate features associated with benign or malignant CLN. The construction of the nomogram model was facilitated by the identified candidate features. ROC curves were plotted in both the training and validation sets to evaluate diagnostic performance by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Calibration curves were utilised to evaluate the concordance between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes, while clinical decision curve analysis was employed to assess the clinical utility of the model. Results Based on univariate and multivariate analysis, ten features were integrated into the nomogram model ultimately. This model exhibited an AUC of 0.942 in the training cohort and 0.925 in the validation cohort, significantly exceeding the performance of conventional ultrasound qualitative diagnosis (AUC=0.656, P<0.001). The ultrasound features incorporated into the model included the long-axis diameter, short-axis diameter, long-to-short axis ratio, cortical echogenicity pattern, cortical homogeneity, corticomedullary demarcation, hilum visualization, margin, shape, and calcification. Conclusion The ultrasonography-based nomogram demonstrates superior diagnostic performance in the qualitative assessment of CLN compared to conventional ultrasonographic diagnostic methods, thereby offering valuable guidance for formulating subsequent clinical management strategies in patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy.

Objective To explore the value of a Nomogram model based on CT radiomics with clinical parameters in differentiating non-small cell lung cancer from benign pulmonary lesions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 177 patients with benign pulmonary lesions and non-small cell lung cancer, confirmed by pathology, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical Unversity from December 2020 to December 2023. The cases were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group in an 8:2 ratio. Radiomic features were extracted from contrast-enhanced CT images, and a stepwise dimensionality reduction was performed using the Relief-LASSO algorithm, ultimately selecting five optimal features from a total of 2264 radiomic features. Single and multiple factor Logistic regression was employed to screen independent clinical risk factors. Clinical, radiomics, and Nomogram models were constructed respectively. The performance of the Nomogram model was comprehensively evaluated using multiple metrics, including the area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Results The results indicated that the Nomogram model exhibited excellent predictive performance, with AUC values of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.817-0.928) in the training set and 0.788 (95% CI: 0.627-0.948) in the validation set. These values were significantly higher than those of the individual imaging model (0.811, 0.722) and the clinical model (0.797, 0.734). Conclusion The established Nomogram model serves as a non-surgical predictive tool for the differential diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and benign pulmonary lesions. Validation demonstrated that the Nomogram model exhibited excellent differentiation and calibration abilities, indicating its clinical utility in the early screening of lung cancer and providing important guidance for clinical decision-making prior to surgery.