To explore the changes and clinical significance of levels of serum platelet- reactive protein 1 (TSP1), platelet-reactive protein 2 (TSP2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and central nervous system specific protein (S-100β) in patients with chronic subdural hematoma treated by drilling and drainage.

A total of 142 patients with chronic subdural hematoma admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to June 2023 were selected as the case group, and all of them underwent drilling and drainage. Another 146 healthy people in the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF, S- 100β were compared between the case group and the healthy control group, with different brain injuries, before and after operation and with different recurrence, and the serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF, S-100β were analyzed by Pearson correlation.

Compared with the healthy control group, the levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF, S-100β in the case group were relatively higher. Compared with the mild brain injury group, the levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF and S-100β in the moderate brain injury group and severe brain injury group were relatively higher, and the severe brain injury group was higher than the moderate brain injury group. Compared with before operation, the levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF and S-100β in patients with chronic subdural hematoma were relatively low 7 d after operation. Compared with the recurrent group, the levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF and S-100β in the non-recurrent group were relatively low (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF and S-100β were negatively correlated with score of GCS (r=-0.655, -0.674, -0.711, -0.689, -0.705, P<0.05).

The levels of serum TSP1, TSP2, bFGF, VEGF and S-100β in patients with chronic subdural hematoma all decreased after drilling and drainage, and they were highly correlated with the degree and prognosis of brain injury. We could detect the changes of the above serological indexes in patients with chronic subdural hematoma in clinic, so as to judge the degree of brain injury in patients with chronic subdural hematoma in time.

To compare the differences in clinicopathologic features, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging features and survival time among non-small cell lung cancer with different NM23 gene expression profiles.

A total of 107 postoperative specimens of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer at the Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NM23, and the patients were divided into two groups: NM23 low expression group (≤++) with 64 cases and NM23 high expression group (>++) with 43 cases. The clinical and pathological characteristics, lymph node metastasis, tumor growth site under ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging, and survival period differences between the two groups were compared.

The low-expression group and high-expression group of the NM23 gene showed no statistically significant differences in terms of gender, clinical stage, histological type, differentiation degree, smoking, PET/CT imaging location of tumor growth and survival time (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in both the primary tumor stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis on PET/CT imaging (P<0.05).

NM23 gene is supported as a tumor suppressor gene in non-small cell lung cancer patients in terms of T staging and lymph node metastasis.

To investigate the value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the radiochemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation treatment for POEMS syndrome.

A total of 123 patients'clinical and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were clinically suspected of POEMS syndrome in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from June 2012 to December 2022. Eventually the study enrolled 25 patients. Among these, 21 cases were clinically and pathologically diagnosed with POEMS syndrome, one case with indolent lymphoma, and three cases with multiple myeloma. The 21 patients with POEMS syndrome were divided into radiochemotherapy group (n=12) and radiochemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation group (n=9). Characteristics of PET/CT imaging, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), VEGF, interleukin- 6(IL-6), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of both groups were analyzed, and treatment efficacy was documented through follows- up.

All 21 POEMS syndrome patients had varying degrees of polyneuropathy (21/21) and monoclonal plasma cell proliferative changes (21/21), 10 case with skin changes. PET/CT imaging revealed morphological or metabolic abnormalities in 94 sites among the 21 patients. A positive correlation was found between SUV_max in ¹⁸F-FDG imaging and VEGF levels (r=0.590, P=0.005), whereas, there were no significant correlations between SUV_max and levels of FT3, FT4, TSH or IL-6 (P>0.05). The average follows-up period was 55.5±17.6 months, and the post-treatment VEGF levels were significantly reduced compared to the pre-treatment baseline (1670.7±309.1 pg/mL vs 2051.0±458.8 pg/mL, P<0.05). The difference between median survival period in the radiochemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation group and radiochemotherapy group was not statistically significant (P=0.612).

PET/CT imaging combined with serum VEGF level could be used as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis, activity monitoring and prognosis assessment of POEMS syndrome. Autologous stem cells combined with chemoradiotherapy did not significantly prolong the median survival of POEMS syndrome.

To explore the predictive value of a combined model based on clinical imaging features and radiomics for the occurrence of vulnerable coronary artery plaques, and visualize the model through Shapley algorithm for further analysis.

A retrospective study was conducted on 383 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease and who underwent two CCTA examinations at Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University from 2016 to 2020. Radiomics features were extracted from the corresponding regions of interest. A multi-step combined method was used to select the best features from each region for joint modeling. Logistic regression was employed to select important clinical imaging features, and an interpretable XGBoost clinical imaging model was constructed. The Shapley algorithm was utilized to visualize the model and interpret the feature contributions.

Compared with single-region radiomics models, multi-region radiomics models demonstrated higher predictive performance (AUC=0.701). Combining important clinical imaging features with the joint model improved the performance even further (AUC=0.885). By analyzing the feature importance using the Shapley analysis algorithm, it was found that the first six radiomics features contributed significantly to the model's predictive results. The Shapley heatmap algorithm visualized the prediction process of vulnerable plaque occurrence.

The clinical radiomics combined model shows high accuracy and generalizability in predicting vulnerable coronary artery plaques. The visualization of interpretable machine learning algorithms ensures the practicality of the model, providing a non-invasive tool for the development of targeted treatment plans in clinical practice.

To evaluate the layer-specific quantification for predicting the damage of myocardial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using strain echocardiography.

We prospectively studied 90 patients with ACS in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to November 2023, including 30 patients with unstable angina, 30 patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and 30 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction according to ECG and serum troponin. Besides traditional echocardiographic parameters, subendocardial myocardium, medial myocardium and subepicardial myocardium were evaluated by layer-specific quantification strain.

Lower absolute value of longitudinal strain and circumferential strain, longer longitudinal strain dispersion and circumferential strain dispersion with subendocardial myocardium in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction group. Longitudinal strain, circumferential strain, longer longitudinal strain dispersion and circumferential strain dispersion with medial and subepicardial myocardium in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction group were in normal reference interval. There was significant difference among three layers of myocardium (P<0.05).

Myocardial function of different layer of myocardium was evaluated by layer-specific quantification strain to predict myocardial damage, especially in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, and have more sensitivity and promises for clinical utility.

To investigate the predictive value of ultrasound features and immunohistochemical markers for axillary lymph node pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for breast cancer.

The clinical data of 140 breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) admitted to Nantong Tumor Hospital from January 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent NAT+surgical resection+axillary lymph node dissection. According to the pathological results of axillary lymph nodes, the patients were divided into pCR group (n=53) and non-pCR group (n=87). The ultrasonic features and immunohistochemical markers of primary breast cancer and axillary lymph nodes before NAT were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the independent predictors of pCR of axillary lymph nodes after NAT of breast cancer, and ROC curve was used to verify its predictive efficacy.

There were significant differences in the aspect ratio of primary tumor, Adler blood flow grading, short diameter of axillary lymph nodes, ratio of long and short diameter, cortical and medullary boundary, morphology, CDFI blood flow signal, HER-2 and Ki-67 between the two groups (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the ratio of long and short diameter of axillary lymph nodes≥2, axillary lymph node morphology type Ⅰ-Ⅱ, no CDFI blood flow signal in axillary lymph nodes, HER-2 positive and Ki-67 high expression were independent predictors of pCR of axillary lymph nodes after NAT in breast cancer (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the combined diagnosis had the highest predictive efficiency, with AUC of 0.739 (95 %CI 0.643-0.812), sensitivity of 68.42% and specificity of 75.34%.

Ultrasound features and immunohistochemical markers have certain predictive value for pCR of axillary lymph nodes after NAT in breast cancer.

To explore the correlation between extracellular volume fraction (ECV), routine testing of markers and pathological grading of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), to analyze the value of joint prediction of pathological grading of HCC.

A total of 170 patients with HCC confirmed by pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from January 2019 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected, and divided into well-differentiated group (n=49) and moderately poorly-differentiated group (n=121) according to the pathological classification. ECV was calculated by extracting the CT images of the lesions in plain scan period and equilibrium period. The image and clinical features were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Spearman was used to analyze its correlation with pathological grading of HCC. ROC curve was drawn to calculate the AUC to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of single model and joint model. Kappa test was used to verify the Logistic regression model. Using R language to generate nomograms to visualize the prediction results.

The differences in ECV, the ratio of neutrophil count to lymphocyte count (NLR) and alpha-fetoprotein between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). The factors related to classification are NLR (r=0.381), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=0.338), system immune-inflammation index (r=0.262), ECV (r=-0.545) and contrast enhances (r=-0.349). The AUC of the joint prediction model was 0.919, which was better than each single model (AUC in ECV, NLR and alpha-fetoprotein were 0.846, 0.743 and 0.635 respectively).

Extracellular volume fraction of enhanced CT combined with routine test markers has good diagnostic value for pathological grading of HCC.

To propose a domain alignment method based on plain scan CT to improve the early and quick diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

AIS patients admitted to the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Southern Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 who received non-contrast head CT, MRI/DWI, ADC and T2-Flair sequence scanning within 3 d after admission were retrospectively analyzed, and a paired CT/MRI image dataset consisting of 318 AIS patients was constructed. The teacher-student image features of each pair were normalized respectively. Then, the training set and the verification set were randomly divided in a ratio of 8∶2. A new generative adversarial network was designed to align cross-mode inputs on the feature layer and transfer semantic knowledge from detailed MRI to CT images for AIS segmentation. A new domain alignment (DA) algorithm (Our DA) was developed.

Compared with nnUNet, the most powerful medical image segmentation model at present, Our DA was significantly better than nnU-Net, and the segmentation accuracy between each layer verification set was improved by about 15%.

Our DA model constructed in this study is based on the image features of MRI/DWI sequences and migrated to non-contrast head CT, which has high automatic segmentation performance for AIS lesions on non-contrast head CT, and conducive to early automatic identification of AIS lesions.

To evaluate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasonography and MRI in diagnosis and staging of early breast cancer.

A total of 1525 cases of women who underwent routine mammary gland examination in our hospital from August 2021 to October 2023 were collected, and 115 cases of them were found to be occupied by mammary glands. All the patients were admitted to hospital for operation. The clinical and related imaging data were analyzed. All patients were preoperatively performed color Doppler ultrasound and MRI examination, the pathologic result is taken as the gold standard of diagnosis, the detection rate of positive detection in the routine examination of female mammary glands by single color Dopplerultrasound, single MRI and different image examination methods combined with the two is observed, To compare the value of three kinds of examination methods in early diagnosis and staging of breast cancer.

115 patients underwent surgical resection and pathologic examination.123 lesions were detected, of which 67 were benign and 56 were malignant. Single color doppler ultrasound showed that 51 benign lesions and 16 misdiagnosed lesions. There were 46 malignant lesions and 10 missed lesions. MRI alone showed 61 benign lesions and 6 misdiagnosed lesions. There were 53 malignant lesions and 3 missed lesions. 65 benign lesions were found and 2 were misdiagnosed. There were 54 malignant lesions and 2 missed lesions. The accuracy of single MRI and color Doppler ultrasound combined with MRI (93.50%, 96.75%) was higher than that of single color Doppler ultrasound (78.86%, P < 0.05). The sensitivity (96.43%), specificity (97.01%), positive predicted label (96.43%), negative predicted label (97.01%) of color Doppler ultrasonography combined with MRI were higher than those of color Doppler ultrasonography (82.14%, 76.12%, 74.19%, 83.61%). There was no significant difference in sensitivity (94.64%), specificity (91.04%), positive predictive value (88.33%) and negative predictive value (96.83%) between MRI and color Doppler ultrasound (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between single color Doppler ultrasound, single MRI and the combined diagnosis of the two in different stages of breast cancer (P > 0.05).

Single color Doppler ultrasonography and MRI have certain value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions, and their combined application can effectively improve the accuracy: sensitivity and staging of early diagnosis of breast cancer.

To explore the value of digital mammography (DM) combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

The imaging data of 49 patients with breast cancer who received DM, DWI and DCE examination in the People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Affiliated to Southern Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological results, it was divided into DCIS group (n=20) and IDC group (n=29). The differences in performance between the two groups on DM, DWI and DCE were compared, and the diagnostic efficacy of various imaging indicators was calculated. Kappa test was used to evaluate the consistency between diagnostic methods.

The differences in calcification, mass, diffusion coefficient (ADC), signal intensity, internal enhancement, and peripheral enhancement between the DCIS group and the IDC group were statistically significant (P < 0.05), DM detected 16 cases of DCIS and 25 IDC cases. DW detected 17 cases of DCIS and 27 IDC cases. DCE detected 18 cases of DCIS and 27 IDC cases. The combination of DM, DWI, and DCE detected 19 cases of DCIS and 28 IDC cases. The total compliance rate of DM examination results was 83.67%; The total compliance rate of DWI examination results was 89.80% the total compliance rate of DCE examination results was 91.84% the overall compliance rate of DM+DWI+DCE combined examination was 95.92%, which was higher than the overall compliance rate of DM, DWI and DCE alone examination. The Kappa consistency test results showed that DM+DWI+DCE had good consistency in the differential diagnosis of DCIS and IDC (P < 0.05).

The combined application of DM, DWI, and DCE has high value in the diagnosis of breast DCIS and IDC, which can improve the differential efficiency of DCIS and IDC, and help guide clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation.

To investigate the application value of 3D gradient echo with multi-echo combination (3D GEMEC) sequence in lumbosacral plexus imaging.

The imaging data of 32 inpatients who were admitted to Lu'an People's Hospital due to low back and leg pain from August to September 2022 were analyzed retrospectively, including 15 males and 17 females, with age ranging from 28 to 78 (60.1±15.8) years old. Lumbosacral plexus 3D GEMEC sequence and 3D T2 fast field echo (3D T2 FFE) sequence were performed on different 1.5T platforms, respectively. Signal-to-noise ratios, contrast-to-noise ratios and subjective display effects of lumbosacral plexus were compared between the two kinds of sequences.

There was no statistically significant difference in signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio and subjective display effect of lumbosacral plexus between 3D GEMEC sequence and 3D T2 FFE sequence (P=0.250, 0.146, 0.083).

3D GEMEC sequence can clearly demonstrate the anatomical structure of lumbosacral plexus and suppress background signals. It has prospects in the diagnosis of lumbosacral plexus neuropathy.

To retrospectively analyzed the CT imaging features of acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury and investigate the correlation among the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), the extent of lung tissue injury, and involvement of the perirenal space.

A retrospective analysis involving 402 patients diagnosed with AP based on clinical and laboratory examinations were conducted. Clinical data and chest/upper abdomen CT imaging records were collected for analysis. Severity of AP was stratified into categories of mild AP and severe AP using the CT severity indices. Lung injury severity was assessed morphologically and categorized as normal lung tissue, mild lung injury, moderate lung injury, or severe lung injury based on CT findings. Additionally, perirenal space involvement was determined by evaluating renal fascia thickness.

Based on high resolution CT imaging, the incidence of AP-associated lung injury was 82.34% (331/402) among the AP patients, comprising 264 cases of mild lung injury, 34 cases of moderate lung injury, and 33 cases of severe lung injury. The imaging characteristics of AP-associated lung injury include pleural thickening, subpleural lines, and broncho vascular bundle thickening in 258 cases, septal thickening in 46 cases, and patchy consolidation in the lungs or with associated pleural effusion in 48 cases. Univariate analysis showed that the degree of lung injury demonstrated a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with age, serum lipase level (> 300 U/L), pancreatic CT grading, PS. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, using normal lung as the reference, age was identified as a significant risk factor for mild lung injury (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06). Age (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.08) and PSI (OR=6.69, 95% CI: 2.40-18.66) were found to be risk factors for moderate lung injury, while serum amylase level > 110 U/L acted as a protective factor (OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.97). Furthermore, age (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) and PSI (OR=34.86, 95% CI: 7.03-172.94) were identified as risk factors for severe lung injury, while female gender (OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.78) and a mild pancreatic CT grading (OR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-0.76) were determined to be protective factors for severe lung injury.

In the evaluation of the severity and progression of lung injury in AP, it is conceivable that the involvement of the perirenal space holds a potentially higher clinical diagnostic value when compared to CT severity indices.

To explore the correlation between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) parameters and tumor mutation burden (TMB) in breast cancer, and to evaluate the potential value of DCE- MRI and DWI in breast cancer immunotherapy.

The clinical data and preoperative MRI examination results of 100 patients with breast cancer from 2019 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the imaging features of DCE-MRI and DWI were extracted. According to the median TMB value (5.4/Mb), 100 patients were divided into high TMB expression group (TMB ≥5.4/Mb, n=28) and low TMB expression group (TMB < 5.4/Mb, n=72). The image features from DCE-MRI and DWI were collected, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and dynamic enhancement curve type were calculated. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect gene mutations in tumor tissues, and TMB values were calculated. The correlation between DCE-MRI and DWI parameters and TMB values, as well as the relationship with breast cancer pathological indicators (ER, PR, HER- 2, Ki67) were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen the independent risk factors affecting TMB values.

Among the DCE- MRI and DWI parameters, ADC value, dynamic enhancement curve type, peak signal intensity, time- signal intensity curve slope were significantly negatively correlated with TMB value (P < 0.05), while peak time, time-signal intensity curve area were significantly positively correlated with TMB value (P < 0.05). Among the breast cancer pathological indicators, ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki67 expression were not significantly correlated with TMB value (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ADC value, dynamic enhancement curve type and peak time were independent risk factors affecting TMB value.

DCE-MRI and DWI parameters are significantly correlated with TMB value in breast cancer, they can be used as an auxiliary means to evaluate the effect of breast cancer immunotherapy.

To investigate the value of spectral CT multi-parametric quantitative imaging for evaluating the pathological grading of invasive lung adenocarcinoma (ILA).

A total of 61 patients with pathologically confirmed pulmonary invasive adenocarcinoma at Hainan Hospital of the PLA General Hospital from July 2019 to July 2022 were retrospectively enrolled, which preoperatively scanned by spectral enhanced CT. Patients were divided into two groups according to the pathological grading system of ILA proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer in 2020, with grades G1 and G2 as the low-grade group (n=31) and grade G3 as the high- grade group (n=30). The clinical characteristics (gender, age, smoking history, stage) and morphological parameters (tumor size, lobulation sign, spicule sign, pleural depression sign, vacuole sign) were analyzed. Spectral parameters [iodine concentration (IC), normalised iodine concentration (NIC), effective atomic number (Zeff), single energy CT values (CT_40keV, CT_70keV), slope of the curve K values (40-70 keV)] in both the arterial phase and venous phase were measured. Multiphase software was used to construct extracellular volume fraction (ECV) maps to measure the ECV values of the lesions. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct the combined models of arterial phase parameters and venous phase parameters, which expressed in a nomogram. AUC was used to assess the performance of each parameter and model to identify the pathological grade of ILA. Decision curves analysis was used to assess the clinical net benefit of the models.

The morphological parameters of ILA in the low-grade and highgrade groups were not substantially different (P>0.05). The IC, NIC, Zeff and ECV values of the low-grade group were higher than those of the high-grade group in both arterial and venous phases (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the IC, NIC, Zeff, ECV in the arterial phase had better diagnostic efficacy than the venous phase, AUC of arterial phase: 0.734-0.831, AUC of venous phase: 0.702-0.749. The combined arterial phase parameter in the arterial phase had better diagnostic efficacy than the parameters alone, with AUCs of 0.855, 83.3%, 83.9%, respectively. Decision curves analysis demonstrated that the model of combined arterial phase parameters had higher clinical net benefit than the venous combined parameters model.

Spectral CT arterial phase combined parameter can be used as an imaging marker for pathology grading diagnosis of ILA, and spectral CT multiparametric quantitative imaging can be used as a simple, effective and non- invasive diagnostic tool for ILA diagnosis.

To analyze the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of vertebral bodies after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures using Mimics 3D reconstruction.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 45 patients treated from October 2015 to October 2022 at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the follow- up period post- surgery: group A (1- 3 months, n=16), group B (4- 12 months, n=14), group C (over 12 months, n=15). CT data were used for 3D reconstruction of vertebral models in Mimics software, which involved differentiating pedicles, ribs, cortical bone, and bone cement to isolate the cancellous bone of vertebrae. Mean CT values were used to represent BMD before and after surgery (BMD1 and BMD2), and the rate of BMD change was calculated.

In group A, BMD of the treated vertebra was significantly higher postsurgery (P < 0.05), with no significant changes in adjacent vertebrae. In group B, BMD of the treated vertebra increased postsurgery (P < 0.05), with a decrease in BMD of adjacent vertebrae (P < 0.05). In group C, there was no significant change in BMD of the treated vertebra, and a decrease in BMD of adjacent vertebrae (P < 0.05). The rate of BMD change in the treated vertebrae between groups A and B was not statistically significant (P>0.05), but both were significantly higher than in group C (P < 0.05); the rate of BMD change in adjacent vertebrae in groups B and C was also not significantly different (P>0.05), but both were lower than in group A (P < 0.05).

BMD of the treated vertebra increased in the short term after percutaneous vertebroplasty, with no significant changes in adjacent vertebrae. Over time, BMD decreased in all evaluated vertebrae.