Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam and gelatinum sponge (GS) for serious hemoptysis. Method Of 46 patients with severe hemoptysis, BAE with only GS was performed in 21 cases and with both PVA and GS in 25 cases. Result The total efficacy rate of BAE was 91.3% and comparable between PVA+GS and GS groups (92.0% vs 90.5%, P>0.05). The total recurrence rate after BAE was 26.2%, but lower in PVA+GS group than in GS group (11.3% vs 42.1%, P<0.05). No serious complications occurred in these patients after BAE. Conclusion BAE is effective and safe for management of serious hemoptysis, and treatment with PVA+GS may effectively lower the recurrence rate.