Abstract: Objective To investigate intraoperative and postoperative high-risk factors for surgical site infection after cesarean section. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cesarean section cases in terms of emergency operation, anesthesia methods, operating time, blood loss, hospital stay, surgical skills of the surgeon, and postoperative nursing care to identify the high risk-factors of surgical site infection during and after the operation. A retrospective case-controlled study of all the parturients with postoperative surgical site infection was conducted. Results In the risk factors examined, anesthesia methods, operative time, and length of hospital stay showed significant differences between the two groups, while volume of blood loss and emergency operation did not. Conclusion Effective measures need to be taken to eliminate the intraoperative and postopera- tive high-risk factors of surgical-site infection following cesarean section.