Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PH)/atropine combined with neostigmine for antagonizing residual neuromuscular block on the hemodynamics. Methods Eighty patients with elective upper abdominal surgery were randomized equally into PH group and atropine group. Five minutes after the completion of surgery, PH 0.02 mg/kg (in PH group) or atropine 0.02 mg/kg (in atropine group) in combination with neostigime 0.03 mg/kg were given intravenously to reverse the residual neuromuscular block. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and end-tidal CO2 pressure (P_ETCO₂ ) were recorded 5 min before anesthesia induction, 1 min before injection and 2, 5, 10, and 15 min after injection, respectively. Results During the investigation, HR in PH group did not undergo conspicuous changes (P>0.05). HR after the injection was markedly faster than that before the injection in atropine group (P<0.01) and did not recover till 15 min after the injection (P>0.05). MAP and P_ETCO₂ showed no evident changes and no significant difference was observed between the two groups during the investigation (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with atropine, PH does not obviously affect HR and BP, but atropine may accelerate HR.