Abstract: Objective To explore the changes of cerebral microvasculature in cats with missile brain wound. Methods The microvascular corrosion casts of the brain were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the ultra-thin slices of the brain were inspected by transmission electron microscopy. Results The brain microvasculature showed evidently abnormal morpholo- gical changes, with both vasospasm and vasodilation as well as concurrent bleeding and ischemia. Strong pathological contraction of vascular sphincter, rupture of some microvessels, and increased microvilli and vacuoles in the endothelial cells were observed. Loosening of the intercellular tight junction and basal membrane rupture occurred along with perivascular swelling and neural cell damages. Conclusion Morphological or functional changes occur in the cerebral microvasculature leading to secondary brain injury after missile brain wound in cats.