Liebowitz儿童和青少年社交焦虑量表的修订与信效度检验

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.03.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的修订适合中国文化背景下使用的Liebowitz儿童和青少年社交焦虑量表（LSAS-CA），检验其在中国青少年中的信效度。方法使用LSAS-CA对广东省某职业高中的2103名学生（男生917人，女生1186人，平均年龄16.73±1.24岁）进行线上问卷调查，并进行项目分析和信效度检验；同时采用青少年社交焦虑量表（SAS-A）、病人健康问卷（PHQ-9）和特质性事后加工过程量表（PEPI-T）作为效标效度；采用自尊量表（RSES）进行区分效度检验。3个月后对其中210名学生重测，检验LSAS-CA的重测信度。结果中文版LSAS-CA共24个条目，包括12个社交互动情景和12个表现情景，分别评定焦虑和回避程度，共48个评分项。通过验证性因子分析，比较4个竞争模型（单维、双维、双因子模型以及高阶因子模型）的拟合情况。双因子模型更能解释量表结构：焦虑因子（χ²=3168.263，DF=224，χ²/DF=14.144，RMR=0.022，GFI=0.875，AGFI=0.832，PGFI=0.653，NFI=0.931，TLI=0.921，CFI=0.936，RMSEA=0.079）和回避因子（χ²=3144.601，DF=216，χ²/DF=14.558，RMR=0.019，GFI=0.875，AGFI=0.826，PGFI=0.630，NFI=0.944，TLI=0.933，CFI=0.948，RMSEA=0.080）模型拟合指数均尚可接受。结论本研究修订的中文版LSAS-CA在中国文化背景下表现出可接受的信效度，为国内学者研究青少年社交焦虑提供了更加便捷的测量工具，以促进研究进展与干预实践。

关键词: 社交焦虑, 青少年, 信效度, 模型比较, LSAS-CA

Abstract:

Objective To adapt the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA) to Chinese cultural contexts and assess its reliability and validity among Chinese adolescents. Methods A total of 2103 vocational high school students (917 males and 1186 females; mean age 16.73±1.24 years) in Guangdong Province completed an online survey using the LSAS-CA. Item analysis and psychometric evaluations were conducted. The concurrent validity of the scale was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Post-Event Processing Inventory-Trait (PEPI-T), and its discriminant validity was examined using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Three months later, 210 of the students were retested to examine the test-retest reliability of LSAS-CA. Results The Chinese LSAS-CA retained 24 items (12 social interaction and 12 performance situations) for assessing anxiety and avoidance with a total of 48 scored responses. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for comparing fitting of 4 competing models (unidimensional, two-factor, bifactor, and higher-order models), and the bifactor model showed the best fit: anxiety bifactor model (χ²=3168.263, df=224, χ²/df=14.144, RMR=0.022, GFI=0.875, AGFI=0.832, PGFI=0.653, NFI=0.931, TLI=0.921, CFI=0.936, and RMSEA=0.079); avoidance bifactor model (χ²=3144.601, df=216, χ²/df=14.558, RMR=0.019, GFI=0.875, AGFI=0.826, PGFI=0.630, NFI=0.944, TLI=0.933, CFI=0.948, and RMSEA=0.080). Conclusion The revised Chinese version of LSAS-CA has acceptable reliability and validity in the context of Chinese culture and provides a more convenient measurement tool for Chinese researchers to study adolescent social anxiety.

Key words: social anxiety, adolescents, reliability and validity, model comparison, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents

孙芷菁, 李伟, 唐信峰, 余萌. Liebowitz儿童和青少年社交焦虑量表的修订与信效度检验[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(3): 686-692.

Zhijing SUN, Wei LI, Xinfeng TANG, Meng YU. Revision and validation of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026, 46(3): 686-692.

图/表 4

参考文献 36

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Items	Fear or anxiety			Avoidance
Items	t	r	α	t	r	α
1. Talking to classmates or others on the telephone (S)	28.173	0.64	0.972	28.84	0.762	0.985
2. Participating in work groups in the classroom (P)	37.394	0.722	0.971	35.388	0.834	0.985
3. Eating in front of others (e.g., school cafeteria, restaurants) (P)	26.575	0.636	0.972	26.909	0.741	0.986
4. Asking an adult you don't know well, like a store clerk, principal, or policeman for help (e.g., for directions or to explain something that you don't understand) (S)	49.305	0.777	0.971	40.474	0.876	0.985
5. Giving a verbal report or presentation in class (e.g., show and tell for younger children) (P)	57.016	0.787	0.971	48.045	0.902	0.985
6. Going to parties, dances, or school activities (S)	59.135	0.784	0.971	49.427	0.889	0.985
7. Writing on the chalkboard or in front of others (P)	39.219	0.763	0.971	36.531	0.861	0.985
8. Talking with other kids you don't know well (S)	51.805	0.814	0.97	45.055	0.906	0.985
9. Starting a conversation with people you don't know well (S)	55.269	0.802	0.971	46.523	0.898	0.985
10. Using school or public bathrooms (P)	26.637	0.621	0.972	27.646	0.745	0.986
11. Going into a classroom or another place (e.g., Church, food court seating) when others are already seated (P)	47.399	0.785	0.971	40.977	0.869	0.985
12. Having people pay close attention to you or being the center of attention (e.g., your own birthday party) (S)	53.685	0.783	0.971	43.061	0.882	0.985
13. Asking questions in class (P)	53.079	0.817	0.97	44.174	0.892	0.985
14. Answering questions in class (P)	50.795	0.798	0.971	43.175	0.883	0.985
15. Reading out loud in class (P)	41.508	0.76	0.971	36.977	0.853	0.985
16. Taking tests (P)	37.448	0.663	0.972	32.197	0.784	0.985
17. Saying "no" to others when they ask you to do something that you don't want to do (like borrow something or look at your homework) (S)	39.821	0.749	0.971	37.116	0.848	0.985
18. Telling others that you disagree or that you are angry with them (S)	40.323	0.748	0.971	38.955	0.865	0.985
19. Looking at people you don't know well in the eyes (S)	51.666	0.792	0.971	43.992	0.867	0.985
20. Returning something in a store (S)	49.051	0.787	0.971	41.056	0.865	0.985
21. Playing a sport or performing in front of other people (e.g., gym class, dancing school recital, musical concert) (P)	63.654	0.783	0.971	49.927	0.877	0.985
22. Joining a club or organization (S)	49.208	0.805	0.971	43.151	0.879	0.985
23. Meeting new people or strangers (S)	53.616	0.816	0.97	44.885	0.888	0.985
24. Asking a teacher permission to leave the classroom (like to go to the bathroom or to the nurse) (P)	41.162	0.774	0.971	34.503	0.826	0.985

Items	Fear or anxiety			Avoidance
Items	t	r	α	t	r	α
1. Talking to classmates or others on the telephone (S)	28.173	0.64	0.972	28.84	0.762	0.985
2. Participating in work groups in the classroom (P)	37.394	0.722	0.971	35.388	0.834	0.985
3. Eating in front of others (e.g., school cafeteria, restaurants) (P)	26.575	0.636	0.972	26.909	0.741	0.986
4. Asking an adult you don't know well, like a store clerk, principal, or policeman for help (e.g., for directions or to explain something that you don't understand) (S)	49.305	0.777	0.971	40.474	0.876	0.985
5. Giving a verbal report or presentation in class (e.g., show and tell for younger children) (P)	57.016	0.787	0.971	48.045	0.902	0.985
6. Going to parties, dances, or school activities (S)	59.135	0.784	0.971	49.427	0.889	0.985
7. Writing on the chalkboard or in front of others (P)	39.219	0.763	0.971	36.531	0.861	0.985
8. Talking with other kids you don't know well (S)	51.805	0.814	0.97	45.055	0.906	0.985
9. Starting a conversation with people you don't know well (S)	55.269	0.802	0.971	46.523	0.898	0.985
10. Using school or public bathrooms (P)	26.637	0.621	0.972	27.646	0.745	0.986
11. Going into a classroom or another place (e.g., Church, food court seating) when others are already seated (P)	47.399	0.785	0.971	40.977	0.869	0.985
12. Having people pay close attention to you or being the center of attention (e.g., your own birthday party) (S)	53.685	0.783	0.971	43.061	0.882	0.985
13. Asking questions in class (P)	53.079	0.817	0.97	44.174	0.892	0.985
14. Answering questions in class (P)	50.795	0.798	0.971	43.175	0.883	0.985
15. Reading out loud in class (P)	41.508	0.76	0.971	36.977	0.853	0.985
16. Taking tests (P)	37.448	0.663	0.972	32.197	0.784	0.985
17. Saying "no" to others when they ask you to do something that you don't want to do (like borrow something or look at your homework) (S)	39.821	0.749	0.971	37.116	0.848	0.985
18. Telling others that you disagree or that you are angry with them (S)	40.323	0.748	0.971	38.955	0.865	0.985
19. Looking at people you don't know well in the eyes (S)	51.666	0.792	0.971	43.992	0.867	0.985
20. Returning something in a store (S)	49.051	0.787	0.971	41.056	0.865	0.985
21. Playing a sport or performing in front of other people (e.g., gym class, dancing school recital, musical concert) (P)	63.654	0.783	0.971	49.927	0.877	0.985
22. Joining a club or organization (S)	49.208	0.805	0.971	43.151	0.879	0.985
23. Meeting new people or strangers (S)	53.616	0.816	0.97	44.885	0.888	0.985
24. Asking a teacher permission to leave the classroom (like to go to the bathroom or to the nurse) (P)	41.162	0.774	0.971	34.503	0.826	0.985

Model	Structure	Fit Index
Model	Structure	χ²	DF	RMSEA	NFI	CFI	TLI	GFI
1	Fear Single-Factor	7046.394	252	0.113	0.847	0.852	0.838	0.751
	Avoidance Single-Factor	7844.161	252	0.120	0.861	0.865	0.852	0.717
2	Fear Two-Factor (Interaction, Performance)	3764.581	251	0.113	0.843	0.852	0.837	0.749
	Avoidance Two-Factor (Interaction, Performance)	4253.152	251	0.121	0.857	0.864	0.851	0.717
3	Fear Bifactor	3168.263	224	0.079	0.931	0.936	0.921	0.875
	Avoidance Bifactor	3144.601	216	0.080	0.944	0.948	0.933	0.875
4	Fear Higher-Order Factor	7115.609	253	0.114	0.846	0.850	0.837	0.750
	Avoidance Higher-Order Factor	7878.466	253	0.120	0.860	0.864	0.852	0.716

Model	Structure	Fit Index
Model	Structure	χ²	DF	RMSEA	NFI	CFI	TLI	GFI
1	Fear Single-Factor	7046.394	252	0.113	0.847	0.852	0.838	0.751
	Avoidance Single-Factor	7844.161	252	0.120	0.861	0.865	0.852	0.717
2	Fear Two-Factor (Interaction, Performance)	3764.581	251	0.113	0.843	0.852	0.837	0.749
	Avoidance Two-Factor (Interaction, Performance)	4253.152	251	0.121	0.857	0.864	0.851	0.717
3	Fear Bifactor	3168.263	224	0.079	0.931	0.936	0.921	0.875
	Avoidance Bifactor	3144.601	216	0.080	0.944	0.948	0.933	0.875
4	Fear Higher-Order Factor	7115.609	253	0.114	0.846	0.850	0.837	0.750
	Avoidance Higher-Order Factor	7878.466	253	0.120	0.860	0.864	0.852	0.716

Variable	Mean±SD	N	F/t	P
Gender
Male	79.63±31.45	917	-1.989	0.047
Female	82.32±30.23	1186
Grade
Grade 10	81.46±32.23	716	5.515	0.004
Grade 11	83.59±30.23	725
Grade 12	78.13±29.57	662
Only Child
No	79.85±30.38	426	-0.970	0.332
Yes	81.47±30.89	1677
Left-behind Experience
No	80.57±30.55	1886	2.526	0.012
Yes	86.14±32.43	217