Abstract: Objective To compare the long-term outcomes of patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or medical therapy for treatment of chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). Methods
The patients with CTO were selected from a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG)
between 2008 and 2009. The patients with multiple CAG were excluded. The patients received treatments with PCI, CABG, or
conservative medication therapy and were followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 5 years. Results A
total of 253 patients were enrolled in this study, including 192 receiving PCI, 48 receiving CABG, and 13 treated conservatively
with medications. The baseline clinical characteristics were similar among the 3 groups except for increased low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) in the medication group, and increased Syndax score in CABG group. During the
follow-up, the incidences of MACE, AMI, death, stroke or heart failure did not differ significantly among the 3 groups (P>
0.05). However, CABG group showed a higher incidence of the stroke than the other two groups although this difference did
not reach a statistically significantly level (P=0.06). Conclusion Our study did not demonstrate that recanalization offers
greater long-term benefits than medications for treatment of CTO, and the patients receiving CABG appeared to have a higher
incidence of stroke.