Abstract: Objective To investigate the association of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in the follicular fluid and serum
with the outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
(PCOS). Methods Serum and follicular fluid samples were obtained from 30 patients with PCOS and 34 healthy women
(control) undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET in our center between October, 2007 and January, 2008. All the subjects received treatment
with long luteal-phase down-regulation and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol in IVF cycles, and their clinical
characteristics were analyzed. The AMH levels in the serum and follicles fluid samples collected on the day of oocyte retrieval
were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results The two groups showed no significant
differences in the mean age, baseline levels of sex hormones, rate of high-quality embryos, implantation rate, pregnancy rate,
abortion rate or ongoing pregnancy rate (P>0.05). Despite a significantly lower total gonadotropin dose, PCOS group had a
significantly greater number of antral follicles than the control group (P<0.05). The recovery rates of oocytes in PCOS group
were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). AMH levels in the serum and follicle fluid was significantly
higher in PCOS group than in the control group (P<0.05), and in both groups, AMH levels in the follicular fluid were
significantly higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (P<0.05). AMH level in the follicular fluid was
significantly correlated with the implantation rate in both PCOS and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion AMH level in the
serum and follicle fluid on the day of oocyte retrieval is predictive of the treatment outcome of controlled ovarian
hyperstimulation in POCS patients but not of pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET.