强直性脊柱炎全髋关节置换术股骨假体的选择

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析强直性脊柱炎股骨近段的形态学改变并以之为基础指导强直性脊柱炎的全髋关节置换术的假体选择。方法将24例(36髋)强直性脊柱炎患者设为强直性脊柱炎(AS)组,所纳入患者术前已出现关节强直,并进行非骨水泥人工全髋关节置换术。对照组共30例(45髋),均系非强直性脊柱炎患者并且进行非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术。分析两组患者术前髋关节正侧位片,并且测量Singh指数、髓腔张开指数、皮质形态指数和皮质骨指数,分析两组患者术后X线片,测量股骨假体的髓腔占有率。并且进行组间计量资料t检验,对髓腔占有率和Singh指数进行Spearman等级相关分析。结果两组间在Singh指数、髓腔张开指数、皮质形态指数以及假体髓腔占有率方面存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。皮质骨指数两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。强直性脊柱炎患者的股骨近段出现比较显著的骨质疏松以及形态学改变,髓腔形态更接近于直立,髓腔开口处张口角度更大,骨皮质变薄。结论在没有定制型假体的情况下,对于由于严重骨质疏松所造成的股骨近段髓腔形态呈现烟囱型改变的强直性脊柱炎患者,可以选用传统水泥型假体并且应当按照关节翻修术来处理;对于对髓腔形态没有出现显著改变的强直性脊柱炎患者仍然可以选用传统生物固定型假体;由于其年龄较轻预期生存时间较长,对THA术后髋关节功能期望值较高,根据患者髓腔形态利用计算机辅助设计技术制备特殊设计的个体化水泥型假体应比现有类型假体更加适合强直性脊柱炎患者。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the implication of morphological changes of the proximal femur in femoral prosthesis selection in total hip replacement for treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Twenty-four patients (36 hips) admitted for cementless total hip replacement (THR) because of AS were enrolled in this study along with the control group of 30 patients (45 hips) without AS. Measurement of the Singh index, canal flare index, morphological index of the cortex, cortical index and stem-canal fit was performed in the two groups on the basis of roentgenograms. Results The AS patients had more serious osteoporosis in their proximal femur. There were significant differences between the two groups in Singh index, canal flare index, morphological index of the cortex and stem-canal fit (P<0.05), but not in the cortical index (P>0.05). The AS patients were found to have severe osteoporosis in the upper femur and massive spongy bone loss, so that the morphology of the canal was almost orthostatic in the upper femur because of the thinned femoral cortex. Conclusion Cemented prosthesis is recommended for AS patients with severe osteoporosis, who should be treated with revised THR to ensure good fit of the prosthesis to the canal. Cementless prosthesis, however, can still achieve good therapeutic effect in AS patients without significant morphologic changes in the proximal femurs. Computer-aided design and manufacture of individualized prosthesis better suits the AS patients than the currently available prosthesis.

中图分类号:

杨佩, 王春生, 王坤正, 时志斌, 宫福良. 强直性脊柱炎全髋关节置换术股骨假体的选择[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2005, 25(12): 1468-1473.

YANG Pei, WANG Chun-sheng, WANG Kun-zheng, SHI Zhi-bin, GONG Fu-liang. Selection of femoral prosthesis in total hip replacement for ankylosing spondylitis[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2005, 25(12): 1468-1473.

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