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  南方医科大学学报  2018, Vol. 38Issue (9): 1131-1134  DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.09.18.
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裘毓雯, 温宇文, 李广, 陶子馨, 严昕玥, 臧乃亮, 钟梅, 黄启涛. 妊娠晚期母体血清中性粒/淋巴细胞比值可作为预测与胎盘炎症的指标[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2018, 38(9): 1131-1134. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.09.18.
QIU Yuwen, WEN Yuwen, LI Guang, TAO Zixin, YAN Xinyue, ZANG Nailiang, ZHONG Mei, HUANG Qitao. Maternal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker for placental inflammatory response in late pregnancy[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2018, 38(9): 1131-1134. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.09.18.

基金项目

国家自然科学基金(81671466);广东省自然科学基金-博士启动计划(2015A030310025);广州市珠江科技新星人才项目(201710010016);南方医院“杰青培育计划”(2016J008);南方医院院长基金(2014B003;2016B019);南方医科大学大学生创新训练计划项目资助(201612121007;201712121152)

作者简介

裘毓雯,硕士,副主任医师,E-mail: 568809514@qq.com;
温宇文,本科。

通信作者

黄启涛,博士,主治医师,副教授,E-mail: 15920454515@163.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2018-03-12
妊娠晚期母体血清中性粒/淋巴细胞比值可作为预测与胎盘炎症的指标
裘毓雯 1, 温宇文 2, 李广 1, 陶子馨 1, 严昕玥 2, 臧乃亮 2, 钟梅 1, 黄启涛 1     
1. 南方医科大学 南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515;
2. 南方医科大学 第一临床医学院,广东 广州 510515
摘要: 目的 探讨妊娠晚期母体血清中性粒/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)水平与胎盘炎症反应程度相关性。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月~2016年12月在南方医科大学南方医院妇产科进行常规产前检查并在我院分娩的478例孕妇的临床资料,根据分娩后胎盘病理结果分为PIR组(238例)和非PIR组(240例)。分别比较两组孕妇晚孕期的几种血清炎症指标(外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR)水平与胎盘炎症相关性进行比较,并利用多因素logistic回归分析确定胎盘炎症反应发生独立危险因素,建立logistic回归模型,绘制模型受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),并记录曲线下面积以分析晚孕期不同血清炎症指标预测PIR发生的临床价值。结果 外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR预测PIR的曲线下面积分别为0.698(95%CI:0.485~0.766)、0.716(95%CI:0.453~0.783)、0.329(95%CI:0.228~0.431)、0.725(95%CI:0.677~0.765)和0.801(95%CI:0.742~0.856)。校正混杂因素后,多因素logistic回归分析显示,孕妇早产(OR=2.446,95%CI:1.003~4.590)、胎膜早破(OR=2.304,95%CI:1.049~4.161)、NLR > 7(OR=3.268,95%CI:2.071~6.920)、CRP > 15 mg/L(OR=2.137,95%CI:1.412~8.236)均为PIR发生的独立危险因素。结论 晚孕期NLR增高可作为预测胎盘炎症发生风险的一项有效指标。
关键词: 中性粒/淋巴细胞比值    早产    炎症    
Maternal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker for placental inflammatory response in late pregnancy
QIU Yuwen1, WEN Yuwen2, LI Guang1, TAO Zixin1, YAN Xinyue2, ZANG Nailiang2, ZHONG Mei1, HUANG Qitao1     
1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China;
2. First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81671466)
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between maternal serum neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and placental inflammatory response (PIR) in late pregnancy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of 478 pregnant women undergoing routine prenatal examination and delivery in our hospital in the year 2016. According to the placental pathological results, the women were divided into PIR group (238 cases) and control group (240 cases). The levels of serum inflammatory makers including leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and NLR were compared between the two groups to analyze the association of these markers with PIR. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of PIR. Logistic regression model was established and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used for analyzing the prognostic value of these makers in late pregnancy. Results The areas under the curve (AUC) of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP and NLR were 0.698 (95%CI: 0.485-0.766), 0.716 (95%CI: 0.453-0.783), 0.329 (95%CI: 0.228-0.431), 0.725 (95%CI: 0.677-0.765) and 0.801 (95%CI: 0.742-0.856), respectively. After adjusting the confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm labor (OR=2.446, 95%CI: 1.003-4.590), premature rupture of membranes (OR=2.304, 95%CI: 1.049-4.161), NLR > 7 (OR=3.268, 95%CI: 2.071-6.920), and CRP > 15 mg/L (OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.412-8.236) were independent risk factors for PIR. Conclusion An increased NLR in late pregnancy can serve as an effective indicator for predicting the risk of PIR.
Keywords: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio    placenta    inflammation    

胎盘炎症与新生儿败血症、脑瘫、早产、死胎等众多不良围生结局相关[1-2]。但对于胎盘炎症,目前仍然缺乏早期、无创、敏感的预测标志物[3-4]。既往有研究[5-6]发现,孕前母体血清C反应蛋白、血常规白细胞、中性粒细胞数计数对预测胎盘炎症发生风险有一定价值,但该类指标单独应用时敏感度、特异度均不高,无法准确预测胎盘是否存在炎症。中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)是反映全面炎症和机体免疫状态的一个敏感、简单的指标,并广泛用于多种感染性疾病和肿瘤预后评价。文献[7]报道母体外周血NLR与其他传统炎症指标相比,能更准确预测胎盘炎症发生。鉴于目前对NLR及胎盘炎症反应仅有1篇韩国相关研究[7],NLR与胎盘炎症相关性需要更多的临床研究进行生物学重复已验证其有效性和准确性。另外由于遗传及环境等多因素影响,NLR虽然在韩国人群初步证实了其临床预测价值,但NLR对预测中国人群胎盘炎症发生风险的临床诊断价值仍不明确,目前亦未见相关报道。因此,本研究拟通过病例对照研究,对妊娠晚期母体几种血清炎症指标(外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR)与胎盘炎症相关性进行比较,初步探索能预测胎盘炎症反应发生潜在敏感的生物标记物。

1 资料和方法 1.1 研究对象

回顾性分析2016年1月~2016年12月南方医科大学南方医院妇产科进行常规产前检查并在我院分娩的孕妇共478例。纳入标准:(1)单胎;(2)自然受孕;(3)有完整的病例资料。排除标准:流产病例;孕前合并心脏疾病、慢性高血压疾病、血液系统性疾病、甲状腺疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾病者或自身免疫性疾病。

1.2 观察项目

收集的临床指标包括:(1)孕妇年龄、BMI、孕次、产次、孕周、分娩孕周,并记录住院后抽血查的血细胞分析结果及C反应蛋白(CRP)结果。中性粒细胞绝对值(N)正常参考范围为(4~10)×109/L,淋巴细胞绝对值(L)正常参考范围为(0.8~4)×109/L,并通过两者比值计算NLR;(2)妊娠期并发症发生情况及分娩结局:包括早产、胎膜早破、子痫前期等发生情况;抗生素、保胎药物使用情况;剖宫产、胎盘病理及新生儿体质量。

1.3 方法及分组

根据分娩后胎盘是否诊断绒毛膜羊膜炎和/或脐带炎症,分为胎盘炎症组(n=238例)和胎盘无炎症组(240例),分别对两组孕妇晚孕期的几种血清炎症指标(外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR)水平与胎盘炎症相关性进行比较,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算曲线下面积(AUC)。根据约登指数兼顾敏感度和特异度确定有预测价值炎症指标的临界值,评估其对胎盘炎症的评估应用价值;并进行Logistic回归分析,评估分析胎盘炎症发生的危险因素。

1.4 统计学方法

应用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差表示,两组间差异的比较采用t检验。计数资料以率表示,组间差异的比较采用χ2检验。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算曲线下面积(AUC)分析不同血清学指标对胎盘炎症反应的预测价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析胎盘炎症反应的独立危险因素。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 两组孕妇一般资料的比较

胎盘炎症组孕妇的年龄、孕前BMI、孕次、产次、剖宫产率、10 min APGAR与胎盘非炎症组相比,两组间无统计学差异。胎盘炎症组分娩孕周早于胎盘非炎症组,新生儿出生体质量低于胎盘非炎症组。胎盘炎症组外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、CRP、NLR显著高于胎盘非炎症组。胎盘炎症组孕妇抗生素使用率、保胎药使用率及早产、胎膜早破、新生儿窒息等不良母胎结局发生率高于非胎盘炎症组,结果有统计学差异。胎盘炎症组新生儿体质量、1 minAPGAR评分、5 minAPGAR评分显著低于非胎盘炎症组(表 1)。

表 1 研究对象临床特征及妊娠结局情况 Table 1 Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of thewomen
2.2 分析不同血清炎症指标预测胎盘炎症发生风险的临床价值

根据ROC分析确定外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、CRP、NLR预测胎盘炎症发生发生的界值、敏感度和特异度(表 2)。

表 2 不同血清炎症指标对胎盘炎症预测价值 Table 2 Predictive value of different serum inflammatory markers for placental inflammation
2.3 多因素分析

对单因素分析差异有统计学意义的临床指标(抗生素、保胎药物使用、早产、胎膜早破、新生儿体重、外周血的白细胞 > 14 G/L、中性粒细胞数 > 11 G/L、CRP > 15 mg/L、NLR > 7)进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,孕妇早产(OR=2.446,95%CI:1.003~4.590)、胎膜早破(OR=2.304,95%CI:1.049~4.161)、NLR > 7(OR=3.268,95%CI:2.071~6.920)、CRP > 15 mg/L(OR=2.137,95% CI:1.412~8.236)均为PIR发生的独立危险因素。

3 讨论

目前已知胎盘炎症与新生儿败血症、脑瘫、早产、死胎等众多不良围生结局相关。但对于胎盘炎症,目前仍然缺乏早期、无创、敏感的预测标志物。因此如何早期发现、预测评估胎盘炎症反应及其严重程度已成产科、新生儿科关注的一个临床研究热点。

羊水细菌格兰染色、生化分析(羊水中白细胞数、IL-6等)和胎盘组织病理学检查是诊断胎盘炎症及宫内感染的重要方法[8-9]。但上述方法的重要缺点是滞后性及有创性。尤其对于已经存在宫内感染的孕妇,羊水穿刺可进一步增加流产、早产发生率。既往有研究[10]发现,孕前母体血清C反应蛋白、血常规白细胞、中性粒细胞数计数对预测胎盘炎症发生风险有一定价值,但该类指标单独应用时敏感度、特异度均不高,无法准确预测胎盘是否存在炎症。

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)是反映全面炎症和机体免疫状态的一个敏感、简单的指标[10],并广泛用于多种感染性疾病和肿瘤预后评价[11]。Turak等[12]回顾121例感染性心内膜炎患者,结果发现NLR比CRP能够更早提示患者感染严重程度和不良预后。而当传统感染指标均处于正常范围时,NLR异常升高对于早期发现慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性发作具有较好的预测价值[13]。最近,一个基于587例全膝关节置换术患者的前瞻性列队研究显示,NLR对于术后发生炎症反应相关性预测显著优于CRP[14]。因此,NLR可能是提前反映机体亚临床感染/炎症的一个简单而敏感的指标。

本研究对妊娠晚期母体几种血清炎症指标(外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CRP、NLR)与胎盘炎症相关性进行比较。结果发现,胎盘炎症组外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数、CRP、NLR显著高于胎盘非炎症组。并且NLR在发现胎盘炎症发生,敏感度、特异性方面均优于外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞数或CRP。多元回归分析结果进一步提示,NLR > 7,孕妇出现胎盘炎症反应风险增加3.2倍。该结果与Kim MA等[7]回顾性分析血清炎症指标与早产胎盘炎症相关性结果基本相似。

此外,已有大量研究表明,高NLR孕妇孕期出现早产、胎膜早破、子痫前期等不良妊娠结局风险显著增加[10, 15-23]。Jung等[24]基于母体血清和羊水炎症标志物预测宫颈机能不全紧急环扎术预后。结果提示:术前血清NLR或羊水IL-8升高,手术后发生不良妊娠结局风险大大提高。此前,有研究[25]发现包括NLR在内的炎症指标组合,较超声宫颈测量能更好的预测早产发生。本研究结果显示,胎盘炎症组在早产、胎膜早破及新生儿低体重和新生儿窒息发生率明显高于胎盘非炎症组。由此我们推测NLR升高可能对于预测胎盘炎症相关的不良围产结局同样有较好的临床应用。因此,在今后的研究中,应当进一步对不同孕周NLR与不良母体结局(如:子痫前期、早产、胎膜早破、死胎等)及不良胎儿及新生儿结局(如:胎儿生长受限、新生儿低体质量、新生儿窒息)相关性设计开展前瞻性、更加深入的研究。

综上所述,本研究结果提示:晚孕期NLR增高可作为预测胎盘炎症发生风险的一项有效的实验室指标。NLR具有简便、经济、易得的优点,作为胎盘炎症反应预测评估的一个有益补充,值得临床尤其是基层推广应用。

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