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  南方医科大学学报  2018, Vol. 38Issue (4): 450-454  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.04.13.
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马燕粉, 贺龙梅, 武倩, 马运峰, 王晓琴. 壳多糖酶3样蛋白l联合相关标志物检测在胰腺癌诊断中的应用[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2018, 38(4): 450-454. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.04.13.
MA Yanfen, HE Longmei, WU Qian, MA Yunfeng, WANG Xiaoqin. Detection of chitinase 3-like 1 combined with other biomarkers for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2018, 38(4): 450-454. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.04.13.

基金项目

陕西省国际科技合作与交流计划项目(505258510004)

作者简介

马燕粉,检验技师,硕士,E-mail: 396872621@qq.com

通信作者

王晓琴,主任技师,E-mail: 1493722680@qq.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2017-12-25
壳多糖酶3样蛋白l联合相关标志物检测在胰腺癌诊断中的应用
马燕粉 1, 贺龙梅 1,2, 武倩 1, 马运峰 3, 王晓琴 1     
1. 西安交通大学 第一附属医院检验科,陕西 西安 710061;
2. 陕西省中医医院检验科,陕西 西安 710003;
3. 西安交通大学 基础医学院,陕西 西安 710061
摘要: 目的 评估检测血清壳多糖酶3样蛋白(l CHI3L1)、CA199、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)代谢水平在胰腺癌临床诊断中的应用价值,以期筛选最优的胰腺癌诊断模型。方法 收集101例患者血清,包括70例胰腺癌患者及31名健康对照。分别测定血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4及HDL-C、LDL-C代谢水平,对结果进行统计分析。结果 胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4、HDL-C、LDL-C的水平显著高于正常人(P<0.05);胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1的水平与患者是否接受抗肿瘤治疗具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而与性别、年龄及是否转移等临床病理特征无明显差异(P>0.05);ROC曲线表明:血清CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4、HDL-C、LDL-C水平对胰腺癌均具有一定的诊断价值;多指标联合分析提示:联合检测血清CHI3L1、CA199、C3、HDL-C(AUC=0.964)与CA199(AUC=0.896)及CA199、C3、HDL-C多因素联合检测(AUC=0.923)比较具有更高的诊断价值(P<0.05)。结论 血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4、HDL-C、LDL-C表达水平对胰腺癌均具有一定的诊断价值;而CHI3L1、CA199、C3、HDL-C联合检测可作为胰腺癌最优的诊断模型。
关键词: 胰腺癌    壳多糖酶3样蛋白l    诊断模型    
Detection of chitinase 3-like 1 combined with other biomarkers for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
MA Yanfen1, HE Longmei1,2, WU Qian1, MA Yunfeng3, WANG Xiaoqin1     
1. Clinical Laboratory of First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
2. Clinical Laboratory of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China;
3. School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
Abstract: Objective To assess the value of chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) alone or in combination with other biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Serum samples were collected from 70 patients with pancreatic cancer and 31 healthy subjects and the levels of CHI3L1, CA199, C3, C4, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) in serum were detected. Results The serum samples from pancreatic cancer patients showed significantly higher CHI3L1, CA199, C3, C4, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels than those from healthy subjects (P < 0.05). In patients with pancreatic cancer, serum CHI3L1 level was significantly correlated with the administration of anti-cancer therapy (P < 0.05), but not with gender, age, metastasis or other clinicopathological parameters (P > 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that serum CHI3L1, CA199, C3, C4, HDL-C, and LDL-C all had diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer. Multivariate analysis suggested that the combined detection model of CHI3L1, CA199, C3, and HDL-C (AUC=0.964) had a greater diagnostic value than CA199 (AUC=0.896) alone and the combined detection model consisting of CA199, C3, and HDL-C (AUC=0.923; P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of CHI3L1, CA199, C3, C4, HDL-C, and LDL-C all have diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer, and the combined model consisting of CHI3L1, CA199, C3, and HDL-C have greater diagnostic efficacy than the other biomarkers either alone or in combination.
Key words: pancreatic cancer    chitinase 3-like 1    diagnostic model    

胰腺癌被称为“癌中之王”,5年生存率不足5%[1]。据美国癌症协会统计,2018年美国新发胰腺癌患者预计达55 440例,因其死亡人数达44 330例[2-3]。而到2030年胰腺癌预计将成为美国第2大癌症死亡原因[4];同期,我国国家癌症中心发布的最新数据也显示,在中国胰腺癌的发病率和癌症相关死亡率亦呈上升趋势[5]。故寻找新的胰腺癌相关标记物及准确的诊断模型迫在眉睫[6]。随着研究的不断深入,研究者发现壳多糖酶3样蛋白(l CHI3L1)与肝癌、脑胶质瘤、子宫内膜癌等恶性肿瘤具有相关性[7-9];在胰腺癌中亦存在异常表达[10]。近年来,有关胰腺癌血清学标志物诊断效能方面的研究较多,既有单项血清标志物的研究,也有多项血清标志物联合检测对胰腺癌诊断的研究[11-12],然而未见CHI3L1联合其它标志物检测在胰腺癌中诊断价值的研究。本研究在前期研究的基础上,首次初步探讨CHI3L1、CA199、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)单独及联合检测在胰腺癌患者诊断中的应用价值。

1 资料和方法 1.1 研究对象

收集2014年7月~2016年7月在西安交通大学第一附属医院就诊的胰腺癌患者血清70份,正常人血清31份,胰腺癌患者TNM分期参照《TNM及病理分期系统(AJCC第7版)》,胰腺癌组患者均经病理、实验室检查或影像学(超声、CT和核磁共振等)等手段确诊;健康对照组经临床体检,包括常规生化检查、超声波检查、心电图、胸片等排除有心脏、肝脏及肾脏等重要器官疾病的患者,且胰腺癌患者和正常对照者均无原发性脂代谢异常疾病。

1.2 方法

全部受试者均于清晨空腹肘静脉采全血,分离血清。采用杭州普望生物技术有限公司提供的ELISA试剂盒检测血清中CHI3L1的水平、罗氏E170电化学发光分析仪及其配套试剂测定CA199、SIEMENS BNⅡ特种蛋白分析仪及其配套试剂测定C3和C4、LABOSPECT-008全自动生化分析仪测定HDL-C、LDL-C(试剂由日本和光纯药工业株式会社提供);各指标均严格按照仪器的标准操作规程进行检测。

1.3 统计学分析

数据资料用SPSS18.0统计软件分析:计量资料以中位数和四分位数间距[M(P25-P75)]表示;正态分布资料,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析;非正态分布资料采用非参数检验;利用SAS9.2软件绘制胰腺癌各检测指标相对于健康人群的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较曲线下面积(AUC)。双侧P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 血清中CHI3L1的表达与临床病理参数

收集70例胰腺癌患者血清,其中男性29例,女性41例,其它临床指标见表 1,利用ELISA方法检测血清中CHI3L1蛋白水平,统计学分析CHI3L1蛋白的表达与临床病理指标的关系,结果显示:CHI3L1蛋白阳性表达与患者是否接受抗肿瘤治疗具有明显相关性(P= 0.019),与性别、年龄、转移等其它临床病理特征无明显的相关性(P>0.05)。

表 1 胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1的表达与临床病理参数之间的关系 Table 1 Association between serum CHI3L1 level and the clinicopathological parameters of patients with pancreatic cancer
2.2 血清各指标比较

为了进一步明确血清中CHI3L1以及其它血清学指标在健康和肿瘤患者中的差异,我们比较了31例正常人和70例胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4、HDL-C、LDL-C的含量,发现胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4水平均明显升高,而HDL-C、LDL-C水平明显降低,结果均具有统计学意义(P<0.05,表 2)。

表 2 31例正常人和70例胰腺癌患者血清各指标比较 Table 2 Comparison of serum biomarkers between healthy subject and patients with pancreatic cancer
2.3 各检测指标ROC曲线

为了研究胰腺癌患者血清指标的诊断价值,我们分析了胰腺癌患者各检测指标的ROC曲线:在胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3、C4、HDL-C、LDL-C水平AUC分别为0.815、0.896、0.647、0.690、0.799、0.650,而CHI3L1和CA199对胰腺癌具有较高的诊断价值;多指标联合分析发现:联合检测血清CHI3L1、CA199、C3、HDL-C(AUC=0.964)比各项指标单独检测及CA199、C3、HDL-C多因素联合检测(AUC=0.923)均具更高的诊断价值(P<0.05),此模型在胰腺癌患者中具有更高的诊断价值(图 1~6)。

图 1 胰腺癌血清中CHI3L1与CA199单独检测ROC曲线 Figure 1 ROC curves of CHI3L1 and CA199 in serum of pancreatic cancer patients (AUCCHI3L1=0.815, AUCCA199=0.896).
图 2 胰腺癌血清中C3与C4单独检测ROC曲线 Figure 2 ROC curves of C3 and C4 in serum of pancreatic cancer patients (AUCC3=0.647, AUCC4=0.690).
图 3 胰腺癌血清中HDL-C与LDL-C单独检测ROC曲线 Figure 3 ROC curves of HDL-C and LDL-C in serum of pancreatic cancer patients (AUCHDL-C= 0.799, AUCLDL-C=0.650).
图 4 胰腺癌血清中CA199、CHI3L1、C3、HDLC指标联合检测与CA199单独检测ROC曲线 Figure 4 ROC curves of CA199 and combination of CA199, CHI3L1, C3 and HDL-C(AUCModel=0.964, AUCCA199=0.896, P=0.014).
图 5 胰腺癌血清中CA199、CHI3L1、C3、HDLC联合检测与CA199、C3、HDL-C联合检测ROC曲线 Figure 5 ROC curves of combined detection of CA199, CHI3L1, C3, HDL-C and combination of CA199, C3 and HDL-C (AUCModel=0.964, AUCModel Without CHI3L1=0.923, P=0.025).
图 6 胰腺癌患者各检测指标的AUC Figure 6 Comparison of the AUCs of different detection models.
3 讨论

目前在胰腺癌的临床诊断指标中,CA199糖蛋白仍是众多肿瘤标志物中最有价值的指标[13]。研究[14-16]显示:血清中CA199的水平对于胰腺癌的临床诊断、预后评估和肿瘤转移具有较高的临床价值。然而CA199有其局限性,如它属于Lewis血型抗原,5%~10%的正常人缺少此基因,从而不表达CA199,因此这部分胰腺癌患者血清CA199水平即使到肿瘤晚期也可能不升高[17]。在本研究中,纳入的70例胰腺癌患者中亦有19例CA199水平在正常范围,占比为27%。CHI3L1是哺乳动物壳多糖酶家族的成员,又称为YKL-40。近年来学者们的研究[7-9]认为CHI3L1在肝细胞性肝癌、脑胶质瘤、子宫内膜癌等多种肿瘤中呈明显升高,且其水平高低与癌症的预后具有相关性[18-21];在胰腺癌患者血清中CHI3L1水平明显升高,且与TNM分期显著相关[10]。另外,近年的研究发现;肿瘤与补体系统间存在许多复杂的内在联系,在免疫应答中补体的作用可能不是简单的抑制或者促进效应,在肿瘤不同进展期有不同的免疫效应[22-23]。学者们[24]通过免疫组化及蛋白组学等方法证实:在胰腺癌组织中补体C3和C4b1呈高表达,且C4b1可能参与了胰腺癌进展。同时过度增殖的肿瘤细胞需摄取和消耗大量的营养物质,而人体储存能量和构成细胞膜的主要成分是脂质,因此,研究也提示:血脂代谢的异常在不同种类的癌症患者中具有不同特点[25-26]。研究表明[27]:消化系统肿瘤患者血清HDL-C水平与正常人相比显著降低,HDL-C水平与其分化程度、肿瘤大小及淋巴结转移有密切关系,HDL-C在有淋巴结转移的患者血清中显著降低,HDL-C也可能是作为保护因子而被消耗。本研究中,胰腺癌患者血清CA199、CHI3L1、C3/C4水平显著高于正常组(P<0.01),而HDL-C/LDLC水平显著低于正常组(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示各指标对胰腺癌均具有一定的诊断价值(AUC分别为0.896、0.815、0.649/0.690、0.799/0.650),这与大部分的文献报道一致。在本研究中CHI3L1蛋白的表达与临床病理指标分析还发现,CHI3L1蛋白阳性表达与抗肿瘤治疗与否具有明显相关性(P=0.019),与性别、年龄等无明显的相关性。

本研究在前期研究的基础上,首次初步探讨CHI3L1与其他诊断模型指标联合检测的诊断效能。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析发现:CA199、CHI3L1、C3、C4、HDL-C、LDL-C对胰腺癌患者均有一定的诊断价值,其中CA199的诊断价值最大,CHI3L1次之。多因素模型分析发现:在胰腺癌患者中联合检测CA199、C3和HDL-C优于CA199单独检测(AUC 0.923),具有较高的诊断价值,这与张宁[28]等的研究结果一致;本研究首次提出:联合检测血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3和HDL-C,此诊断模型更优于联合CA199、C3和HDL-C检测(AUC 0.964),在胰腺癌患者中具有更高的诊断价值。此模型有望应用于胰腺癌的临床诊断,同时也为CHI3L1蛋白应用于胰腺癌诊断奠定了实验基础。

综上所述,CHI3L1表达水平在胰腺癌患者血清中呈高表达,CHI3L1蛋白有望成为胰腺癌新的诊断指标。通过单因素和多因素联合ROC曲线分析提示,联合检测血清中CHI3L1、CA199、C3和HDL-C,有望应用于胰腺癌的临床诊断。后期我们将加大样本量,严格控制纳入标准,以排除混杂偏倚,探讨CHI3L1在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值。

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