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  南方医科大学学报  2017, Vol. 37Issue (4): 546-550  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.04.22.
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梁仔, 菅洪健, 林谦益, 罗赛华, 张小鹏. 颅内动脉瘤破裂患者手术前后Th17/Treg的变化[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2017, 37(4): 546-550. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.04.22.
LIANG Zai, JIAN Hongjian, LIN Qianyi, LUO Saihua, ZHANG Xiaopeng. Postoperative changes of Th17/Treg balance in patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2017, 37(4): 546-550. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.04.22.

基金项目

湛江市科学技术局课题(2015C01012)

作者简介

梁仔,硕士,外科副主任医师,E-mail: ljsjwklz@126.com

通信作者

张小鹏,副主任医师,E-mail: sjwkzxp@126.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2016-11-05
颅内动脉瘤破裂患者手术前后Th17/Treg的变化
梁仔1, 菅洪健2, 林谦益3, 罗赛华1, 张小鹏4     
1. 广东医科大学附属廉江医院廉江市人民医院神经外科,广东 廉江 524400;
2. 南方医科大学南方医院急诊科,广东 广州 5105153;
3. 南方医科大学第一临床医学院,广东 广州 510515;
4. 广州军区广州总医院神经外科,广东 广州 510010
摘要: 目的 评价Th17/Treg细胞平衡在颅内动脉瘤破裂患者手术前后的变化与意义。 方法 收集73例动脉瘤破裂患者,比较术前、术后24、72 h及1周的Th细胞及胞内细胞因子介素-17(IL-17)、Treg及细胞因子介素-10(IL-10)的百分含量;并以未破裂的62例动脉瘤患者及65例健康志愿者作为标本对照。分析动脉瘤破裂患者出院时NIHSS、ADL及住院天数与Th17/Treg细胞平衡、细胞因子的相关性。 结果 破裂与未破裂动脉瘤患者的Th17及IL-17均显著高于健康志愿者,且破裂组显著高于未破裂组;而Treg及TGF-β1显著低于健康志愿者,且破裂组显著低于未破裂组(均为P < 0.05)。与术前比较,动脉瘤破裂患者术后24 h的Th17及IL-17含量均显著升高,而Treg及TGF-β1均显著较低(P < 0.05);术后72 h,动脉瘤破裂患者Th17及IL-17含量较术后24 h均回落,而Treg及TGF-β1上升(P < 0.05);术后1周,动脉瘤破裂患者Th17及IL-17含量较术后72 h均明显回落,Treg和TGF-β1较术后72 h显著上升(P < 0.05)。动脉瘤破裂患者Th17、IL-17与NIHSS、住院天数呈正相关性,而与ADL呈负相关性;Treg、TGF-β1与NIHSS、住院天数呈负相关性,而与ADL呈正相关性(P < 0.05)。 结论 Th17过亢及Treg不足是颅内动脉瘤全身免疫炎症反应的重要特征,且与患者的预后密切相关,检测两者及其细胞因子有助于评估动脉瘤破裂患者的预后。
关键词: 动脉瘤    破裂    Th17细胞    调节性T细胞    
Postoperative changes of Th17/Treg balance in patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture
LIANG Zai1, JIAN Hongjian2, LIN Qianyi3, LUO Saihua1, ZHANG Xiaopeng4     
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Lianjiang Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University/Lianjiang People's Hospital, Lianjiang 524400, China;
2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
3. First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
4. Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
Abstract: Objective To observe the dynamic changes of Th17/Treg balance in patients following surgical intervention for intracranial aneurysm rupture. Methods The percentage of Th cells and the intracellular IL-17 level, Treg cell percentage and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels were examined in 73 patients with rupture of aneurysms before and at 24 h, 72 h and 1 week after operation, with 62 patients with unruptured aneurysms and 65 healthy volunteers as the control. The correlations among the immune cells, cytokines and clinical characteristics of the patients (NIHSS, ADL and hospitalization stay) were analyzed. Results Th17 percentage and intracellular IL-17 levels were significantly higher in the patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms than in the healthy volunteers, and were significantly higher in patients with ruptured aneurysms than in those with unruptured aneurysms. Treg cell percentage and TGF-β1 level were significantly lower in patients with aneurysms than in the healthy volunteers, and were lower in patients with ruptured aneurysms than in those with uruptured aneurysms (P < 0.05). Patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture showed significantly increased Th17 cell percentage and IL-17 level but significantly lowered Treg cell percentage and TGF-β1 at 24 h following the surgery (P < 0.05); these changes were reversed significantly at 72 h and 1 week after the surgery. Th17 cell percentage and IL-17 level were positively correlated with NIHSS and the length of postoperative hospital stay but inversely correlated with ADL; Treg cell percentage and TGF-β1 were inversely correlated with NIHSS and hospital stay but positively with ADL (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with intracranial aneurysms, the systemic immune inflammatory response is highlighted by excessive Th17 cells and insufficient Treg cells, which are closely related with the outcomes of the patients following surgical intervention. Evaluation of Th17/Treg balance and the cytokine levels can help to assess the prognosis of patients with aneurysm rupture.
Key words: aneurysm    Th17 cells    regulatory T cells    

颅内动脉瘤壁的异常免疫炎症反应是导致动脉瘤破裂的原因之一[1],免疫过亢-免疫抑制不足是决定预后的一对矛盾,其中Th17/Treg是一对典型的免疫平衡[2]。有研究发现动脉瘤患者瘤壁的Th17细胞及其细胞因子白介素17(IL-17)表达含量均升高,提示两者参与动脉瘤的发病机制[3]。笔者既往发现部分由于动脉瘤破裂导致蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者外周血CD4+CD25+T调节性细胞(Treg)及其细胞因子转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)含量降低[4]。因此,我们假设Th17/Treg平衡是动脉瘤发病及破裂过程中的一个重要消长因素。为验证该假设,我们观察了破裂与未破裂、治疗前与治疗后的Th17、IL-17、Treg及TGF-β1的差异及变化,发现Th17/Treg平衡与动脉瘤的转归存在显著相关性,这对于进一步了解动脉瘤的免疫-临床关系有重要意义。过程如下。

1 资料和方法 1.1 患者资料与分组

选取2012年1月~2016年6月期间廉江市人民医院及广州军区广州总医院神经外科收治的动脉瘤患者作为观察对象,入选条件如下:(1)年龄大于18岁;(2)经数字减影血管造影(DSA)或者MRA确诊为动脉瘤破裂出血;(3)无凝血功能等手术禁忌症。排除条件:合并免疫性疾病;长期服用激素或其他免疫抑制剂;合并恶性肿瘤[5]。共入选73例,其中男性53例,女性20例,年龄46~74岁。选择同期住院的未破裂的62例动脉瘤患者及同期到院体检的65例健康志愿者作为标本对照。其中73例动脉瘤破裂患者和62例动脉瘤未破裂患者的性别、年龄、病程、首诊年龄及家族史情况均无统计学差异(表 1)。

表 1 两组动脉瘤患者的一般情况比较 Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients with intracranial aneurysms (n, Mean±SD)
1.2 Th17及Treg及其细胞因子检测方法

急诊入院时采集以上73例动脉瘤破裂患者静脉血约5ml,抗凝后采用Ficoll分离获得外周血单个核细胞,随后应用尼龙毛柱获得T淋巴细胞,通过免疫磁珠法分离出CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞。使用Beckman coulter cell多色流式细胞仪(型号Cell Lab Quanta SC),分别检测Th17及CD4+CD25+T细胞的含量。使用固定穿透剂对胞内细胞因子IL-17及TGF-β1进行染色,使用双激光光源对IL-17及TGF-β1的百分含量进行检测[6]。以62例未破裂动脉瘤患者和65例健康志愿者的血标本作为对照。

1.3 手术方法

根据动脉瘤破裂患者病情、动脉瘤造影等情况决定手术方式。介入栓塞:全身肝素化2 h,术中给予肝素钠1.25 g/h,根据瘤体位置、瘤颈情况、动脉瘤与载瘤动脉关系等选择弹簧圈栓塞(MicroPlex弹簧圈系统),将导管放入同侧股动脉,根据DSA结果选择最佳操作角度,在路径图指引下将塑形后的微导管前端置入动脉瘤内中、外1/3处,根据瘤体情况选择不同型号的弹簧圈填塞,填塞后松弛导管确定稳定后解脱。确认栓塞致密性后给予微量泵滴注尼莫地平注射液抗血管痉挛,术后给予沙袋压迫穿刺部位,24 h卧床制动[7]。开颅夹闭:从Yasargil翼点入路(选择右侧入路,除非左额叶有血肿或为左A1段优势供血),自颧弓上耳屏前1cm发际内弧形切口至中线,在保护颞浅动脉、面神经的基础上分离皮瓣,分别于冠状缝与颞上线交界处上方钻孔,去骨瓣。严密监测颅内压,弧形剪开硬脑膜,打开侧裂池,开放视交叉池及颈内动脉池,引流脑脊液减压,明确血管关系,暴露瘤颈,采用临时瘤夹阻断血流控制跨壁血压,选择、调整合适的动脉瘤夹位置以确保动脉瘤完全夹闭。止血后缝合脑膜,水肿较严重者行去骨瓣减压术[8]

1.4 指标比较

比较动脉瘤破裂患者术前、术后24、72 h及1周的Th17、IL-17、Treg及TGF-β1的变化;分析动脉瘤破裂患者出院时NIHSS、ADL评分、住院天数与Th17、IL-17、Treg及TGF-β1的相关性[9]

1.5 统计学处理

定量资料采用均数±标准差表示,采用单因素方差分析进行3组间的数据比较;采用重复测量方差分析同一组在不同腰椎穿刺时间点的CD4+CD25+T细胞含量差异。相关性分析采用Pearson法。运用SPSS 13.0对数据进行处理,当P < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 组间比较

经检测,发现破裂与未破裂动脉瘤患者的Th17及IL-17均显著高于健康志愿者,且破裂组显著高于未破裂组;而Treg及TGF-β1显著低于健康志愿者,且破裂组显著低于未破裂组(均为P < 0.05,表 2)。

表 2 3组Th17及Treg及其细胞因子含量比较 Table 2 Comparison of T17, Treg and cytokine levels among the 3 groups (Mean±SD, %)
2.2 Th17/Treg平衡及其细胞因子变化含量

与术前比较,动脉瘤破裂患者术后24 h的Th17及IL-17百分含量均显著升高,而Treg及TGF-β1均显著较低(P < 0.05)。术后72 h,动脉瘤破裂患者Th17及IL-17含量较术后24 h均回落,而Treg及TGF-β1上升(P < 0.05)。术后1周,动脉瘤破裂患者Th17及IL-17含量较术后72 h均明显回落,Treg和TGF-β1较术后72 h显著上升(P < 0.05,表 3)。

表 3 动脉瘤破裂患者不同时间点Th17及Treg及其细胞因子含量变化 Table 3 Changes of T17 and Treg cell percentages and cytokine levels in patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture following the surgey (Mean±SD)
2.3 相关性分析

动脉瘤破裂患者的Th17、IL-17均与NIHSS、住院天数呈正相关性,而与ADL呈负相关性;Treg、TGF-β1均与NIHSS、住院天数呈负相关性,而与ADL呈正相关性(P < 0.05,表 4)。

表 4 Th17、Treg及其细胞因子与临床指标的相关性分析 Table 4 Correlation analysis of T17, Treg and cytokine levels with the clinical characteristics of the patients (Mean±SD)
3 讨论

本研究发现动脉瘤破裂患者Treg及其细胞因子较未破裂者及健康志愿者均显著降低,这与我们在SAH患者所观察到的结果一致[4],也与Yodoi [10]在动脉瘤小鼠的模型发现一致。但有趣的是,本研究发现动脉瘤患者Th17及其细胞因子IL-17升高,瘤体破裂后此两者更高,与Piggott等[11]的报道具有相似性,但该研究主要探讨小鼠模型,探讨颅内动脉瘤患者Th17及Treg两者同时变化的研究尚不多,现就该现象讨论如下:

Th17细胞是指以分泌IL-17为特征的一类辅助性T细胞(Th)[12],Th17细胞是近年发现继CD4+Th之后的一类重要Th [13]。多项研究表明,IL-17可促进炎性反应,广泛参与类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠病和脑缺血性损伤等疾病的发生[14-16]。文献显示活化的Th17细胞可在腹主动脉瘤壁出现,可能提示Thl7细胞可分泌IL-17 [17]。IL-17再与其他炎性细胞因子如TNF-α产生协同作用促进GM-CSF、IL-8、IL-6 [18]和NO等的产生,参与颅内动脉瘤的形成过程[19],该过程凸显Th17及IL-17的重要性。对应地,CD4+CD25+T细胞也是Th的一种,其以分泌TGF-β1及IL-10为主要特征,由于具有免疫上调及下调的双重作用,因此被归属到调节性T细胞(Treg)亚群[20],但与Th17的负面角色不同,CD4+CD25+Treg往往在多种疾病中扮演具有免疫抑制作用的正面角色[21-22],尤其是对于动脉瘤,被认为是避免破裂的保护性因素[23]。可以看出,Th17/Treg构成一对免疫平衡,在疾病的转归过程中可能起到重要作用。

本研究发现,破裂组Th17及IL-17显著高于未破裂组,而Treg及TGF-β1显著低于未破裂组,这初步提示Th17表达过高及IL-17分泌过多,而Treg表达过低且TGF-β1分泌不足可能是动脉瘤破裂的重要免疫特征。颅内动脉瘤的手术治疗方法主要有传统开颅夹闭术和介入栓塞术,而T17/Treg免疫平衡在动脉瘤破裂发病中具有重要作用,因此检测术后Th17/Treg的变化对于评价该平衡的意义更具有特异性。术后结果显示,与术前比较,两组患者术后24 h的Th17及IL-17含量均显著升高,但Treg及TGF-β1均显著较低,这可能是由于手术做为有创性干预手段,其本身可产生免疫应激,导致T细胞功能的异常[24]。术后72 h,两组患者Th17及IL-17含量较术后24 h均回落,而Treg及TGF-β1上升,其原因可能是瘤体本身的修复及手术应激程度降低的综合效应。术后1周,两组患者Th17及IL-17含量较术后72 h均明显回落,而Treg及TGF-β1较术后72 h显著上升,这提示术后Treg功能恢复的速度快于Th17,同时提示Th17的致病因素较Treg的保护因素更为顽固。相关性分析显示Th17与IL-17均与NIHSS及住院天数呈正相关性,但与ADL呈负相关性;Treg及TGF-β1均与NIHSS及住院天数呈负相关性,但与ADL呈正相关性,进一步支持Th17及IL-17是动脉瘤的致病因素,而Treg是保护性因素。

颅内动脉瘤患者外周血Th17/Treg失衡是本研究的重要发现。通过本研究笔者认为“Th17/Treg平衡是颅内动脉瘤发病机制的重要免疫因素”的假设得到了验证:Th17过亢及Treg不足是动脉瘤全身性(外周血)免疫炎症反应的重要特征,且与患者的预后密切相关,因此检测两者及其细胞因子对于评估动脉瘤破裂患者的预后具有重要临床意义。本研究的不足包括样本量不够大,尚缺少对患者的长期随访,将在后续研究改进。

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