Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of special staining and immunohistochemical staining in distinguishing the types of
renal amyloidosis to improve the diagnosis accuracy. Method Congo red staining with different methods, and
immunohistochemical staining of Kappa, Lambda and Amyloid A with different antigen retrieval methods were used for
staining frozen and paraffin-embedded renal tissue sections. Results Wright’s Congo red staining produced a better contrast
and a higher resolution and showed a greater stability than the other 2 methods after repeated use for staining the renal tissue
sections (P<0.05). Immunofluorescent staining produced better results in frozen renal tissue sections than in
paraffin-embedded tissues. Immunofluorescent staining produced had better performance than immunohistochemical
staining in paraffin-embedded tissues. The retrieval effect with protein kinase K was the best among the antigen retrieval
methods in paraffin-embedded tissues. Conclusion Wright’s Congo red staining is better than the other 2 methods in
diagnosing renal amyloidosis. Immunohistochemical staining of Kappa, Lambda and Amyloid A in frozen renal tissue sections
is necessary to discriminate the types of renal amyloidosis. For paraffin-embedded renal tissues, antigen retrieval using protein
kinase K is better than the other 2 methods.