Abstract: Objective To investigate the significance of T lymphocyte subset determination during antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction therapy in reducing the total drug dose, incidence of complications and cost of treatment in hand allograft. Methods The changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets (CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, CD⁸⁺, and CD28) were determined by flow cytometry in 3 cases of hand allograft who received ATG treatment. Results Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, and CD⁸⁺ T lymphocytes, along with the ratio of CD4/CD8, decreased significantly during ATG induction therapy, and the results were consistent in the 3 cases. Long-term continuous changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes were observed after antithymocyte globulin induction therapy. Conclusion The understanding of the immunological state of the patient with hand allograft after ATG induction therapy by monitoring T lymphocyte subsets may allow adjustment of the total dose of the drugs administered and help prevent the occurrence of complications.