Abstract: Objective To study the high-risk factors of surgical site infection after cesarean section. Methods We retrospecti- vely reviewed cesarean section cases with surgical site infection and evaluated the high-risk factors related to the infection. Results and Conclusions Totally 14 factors were identified as the high-risk factors such as obesity, inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis, low ferrohemoglobin level, existing infection before hospitalization, multiple vaginal and anal examinations, premature rupture of membranes, and prolonged operative time. The 7 factors such as emergency operation were not shown to be significant high-risk factors. The probability of parturient with frequently vaginal examination to acquire infection following cesarean section was 75.2%, which was judged by classification analysis. A stepwise addition of the factors for analysis showed some difference in the predicted probability, which was 75.2% for inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis, 82.4% for low ferrohemoglo- bin level, 81.7% for prolonged operative time, 86.3% for obesity, 83.7% for premature rupture of the membranes, and 84.9% for existing infection before hospitalization.