Epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in Beijing over the past decade: a single-center analysis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans from 30 599 individuals

doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.03.01

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze bone mass distribution and the factors affecting bone mass in a general Chinese Han cohort undergoing physical examinations at our center. Methods We retrospectively collected the data of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from 30 599 healthy Han Chinese adults (age≥20 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at our hospital from July, 2013 to July, 2023. Basic parameters including height, body weight, and gender were recorded, and descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using R software. Results In this cohort, the male individuals had a mean peak BMD of 1.00±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae, 0.94±0.14 g/cm² in the femoral neck, and 0.99±0.13 g/cm² in the total hip, significantly higher than the values in the female individuals [0.99±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae (P=0.022), 0.79±0.11 g/cm² in the femoral neck (P<0.001), and 0.88±0.11 g/cm² in the total hip (P<0.001)]. In the overall cohort, the BMD values of the lumbar spine and femur decreased with age after reaching their peak levels. There was a positive correlation between BMD value and body mass index (BMI) in both male and female individuals. The 2013-2014 period recorded the lowest BMD values in the lumbar, hip, and femoral neck, which tended to increase steadily in the following years (2015-2023). Conclusion Our data suggest that the BMD values vary among different populations, and future multi-center studies using more accurate BMD detection technology are warranted to capture the variation patterns of BMD with demographic characteristics of specific populations.

Key words: bone mineral density, osteoporosis, dual-energy X-ray, epidemiology

Ying ZHOU, Danyang ZHANG, Lifan WU, Guishan WANG, Jiedan MU, Chengwen CUI, Xiuxiu SHI, Jige DONG, Yu WANG, Wangli XU, Xiao LI. Epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in Beijing over the past decade: a single-center analysis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans from 30 599 individuals[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University, 2025, 45(3): 443-452.

Figures/Tables 12

References 40

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Characteristic	Total (n=30 599)	Men (n=11 228)	Women (n=19 371)	P
Age [year, n (%)]				<0.001
≤19	83 (0.3%)	48 (0.4%)	35 (0.2%)
20-24	663 (2.2%)	503 (4.5%)	160 (0.8%)
25-29	851 (2.8%)	546 (4.9%)	305 (1.6%)
30-34	1001 (3.3%)	553 (4.9%)	448 (2.3%)
35-39	1112 (3.6%)	522 (4.6%)	590 (3.0%)
40-44	1524 (5.0%)	619 (5.5%)	905 (4.7%)
45-49	2,403 (7.9%)	876 (7.8%)	1527 (7.9%)
50-54	3828 (13.0%)	1175 (10.0%)	2653 (14.0%)
55-59	4157 (14.0%)	1206 (11.0%)	2951 (15.0%)
60-64	4319 (14.0%)	1370 (12.0%)	2949 (15.0%)
65-69	3680 (12.0%)	1218 (11.0%)	2462 (13.0%)
70-74	2768 (9.0%)	951 (8.5%)	1817 (9.4%)
75-79	2227 (7.3%)	780 (6.9%)	1447 (7.5%)
≥80	1983 (6.5%)	861 (7.7%)	1122 (5.8%)
BMI^# [kg/m², n (%)]				<0.001
<18.5	1073 (3.5%)	272 (2.4%)	801 (4.2%)
18.5-23.9	13 545 (45%)	4244 (38%)	9301 (48%)
24-27.9	11 539 (38%)	4807 (43%)	6732 (35%)
≥28	4174 (14%)	1803 (16%)	2371 (12%)
Year of BMD measurement				<0.001
2013	2633 (8.6%)	724 (6.4%)	1909 (9.9%)
2014	4041 (13%)	1307 (12%)	2734 (14%)
2015	3018 (9.9%)	1017 (9.1%)	2001 (10%)
2016	3073 (10%)	1145 (10%)	1928 (10.0%)
2017	2817 (9.2%)	1130 (10%)	1687 (8.7%)
2018	2715 (8.9%)	1000 (8.9%)	1715 (8.9%)
2019	2503 (8.2%)	944 (8.4%)	1559 (8.0%)
2020	1102 (3.6%)	410 (3.7%)	692 (3.6%)
2021	3488 (11%)	1432 (13%)	2056 (11%)
2022	3048 (10.0%)	1212 (11%)	1836 (9.5%)
2023	2161 (7.1%)	907 (8.1%)	1254 (6.5%)

Characteristic	Total (n=30 599)	Men (n=11 228)	Women (n=19 371)	P
Age [year, n (%)]				<0.001
≤19	83 (0.3%)	48 (0.4%)	35 (0.2%)
20-24	663 (2.2%)	503 (4.5%)	160 (0.8%)
25-29	851 (2.8%)	546 (4.9%)	305 (1.6%)
30-34	1001 (3.3%)	553 (4.9%)	448 (2.3%)
35-39	1112 (3.6%)	522 (4.6%)	590 (3.0%)
40-44	1524 (5.0%)	619 (5.5%)	905 (4.7%)
45-49	2,403 (7.9%)	876 (7.8%)	1527 (7.9%)
50-54	3828 (13.0%)	1175 (10.0%)	2653 (14.0%)
55-59	4157 (14.0%)	1206 (11.0%)	2951 (15.0%)
60-64	4319 (14.0%)	1370 (12.0%)	2949 (15.0%)
65-69	3680 (12.0%)	1218 (11.0%)	2462 (13.0%)
70-74	2768 (9.0%)	951 (8.5%)	1817 (9.4%)
75-79	2227 (7.3%)	780 (6.9%)	1447 (7.5%)
≥80	1983 (6.5%)	861 (7.7%)	1122 (5.8%)
BMI^# [kg/m², n (%)]				<0.001
<18.5	1073 (3.5%)	272 (2.4%)	801 (4.2%)
18.5-23.9	13 545 (45%)	4244 (38%)	9301 (48%)
24-27.9	11 539 (38%)	4807 (43%)	6732 (35%)
≥28	4174 (14%)	1803 (16%)	2371 (12%)
Year of BMD measurement				<0.001
2013	2633 (8.6%)	724 (6.4%)	1909 (9.9%)
2014	4041 (13%)	1307 (12%)	2734 (14%)
2015	3018 (9.9%)	1017 (9.1%)	2001 (10%)
2016	3073 (10%)	1145 (10%)	1928 (10.0%)
2017	2817 (9.2%)	1130 (10%)	1687 (8.7%)
2018	2715 (8.9%)	1000 (8.9%)	1715 (8.9%)
2019	2503 (8.2%)	944 (8.4%)	1559 (8.0%)
2020	1102 (3.6%)	410 (3.7%)	692 (3.6%)
2021	3488 (11%)	1432 (13%)	2056 (11%)
2022	3048 (10.0%)	1212 (11%)	1836 (9.5%)
2023	2161 (7.1%)	907 (8.1%)	1254 (6.5%)

Age group (year)	BMI (kg/m²)	Lumbar spine 1-4 BMD (g/cm²)	Total femur BMD (g/cm²)	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm²)
≤19	21.42±3.45	0.90±0.15	0.86±0.17	0.79±0.16
20-24	22.69±3.42	0.98±0.11	0.96±0.14	0.90±0.15
25-29	22.84±3.66	0.99±0.12	0.94±0.15	0.87±0.15
30-34	23.63±3.82	0.98±0.12	0.91±0.13	0.83±0.13
35-39	24.00±3.85	0.99±0.12	0.90±0.12	0.81±0.13
40-44	24.26±3.59	0.99±0.12	0.90±0.12	0.80±0.12
45-49	24.42±3.45	0.98±0.14	0.90±0.13	0.79±0.12
50-54	24.47±3.41	0.95±0.14	0.87±0.13	0.76±0.12
55-59	24.60±3.38	0.90±0.15	0.84±0.13	0.73±0.12
60-64	24.55±3.31	0.89±0.16	0.82±0.13	0.70±0.12
65-69	24.73±3.34	0.88±0.18	0.80±0.14	0.69±0.13
70-74	24.52±3.45	0.88±0.19	0.78±0.14	0.66±0.12
75-79	24.00±3.42	0.88±0.19	0.75±0.14	0.63±0.13
≥80	23.50±3.36	0.91±0.21	0.74±0.15	0.62±0.13

Age group (year)	BMI (kg/m²)	Lumbar spine 1-4 BMD (g/cm²)	Total femur BMD (g/cm²)	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm²)
≤19	21.42±3.45	0.90±0.15	0.86±0.17	0.79±0.16
20-24	22.69±3.42	0.98±0.11	0.96±0.14	0.90±0.15
25-29	22.84±3.66	0.99±0.12	0.94±0.15	0.87±0.15
30-34	23.63±3.82	0.98±0.12	0.91±0.13	0.83±0.13
35-39	24.00±3.85	0.99±0.12	0.90±0.12	0.81±0.13
40-44	24.26±3.59	0.99±0.12	0.90±0.12	0.80±0.12
45-49	24.42±3.45	0.98±0.14	0.90±0.13	0.79±0.12
50-54	24.47±3.41	0.95±0.14	0.87±0.13	0.76±0.12
55-59	24.60±3.38	0.90±0.15	0.84±0.13	0.73±0.12
60-64	24.55±3.31	0.89±0.16	0.82±0.13	0.70±0.12
65-69	24.73±3.34	0.88±0.18	0.80±0.14	0.69±0.13
70-74	24.52±3.45	0.88±0.19	0.78±0.14	0.66±0.12
75-79	24.00±3.42	0.88±0.19	0.75±0.14	0.63±0.13
≥80	23.50±3.36	0.91±0.21	0.74±0.15	0.62±0.13

Age group (year)	BMI (kg/m²)	Lumbar spine 1-4 BMD (g/cm²)	Total femur BMD (g/cm²)	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm²)
≤19	21.72±3.62	0.89±0.16	0.88±0.20	0.80±0.19
20-24	23.21±3.28	0.98±0.12	0.99±0.13	0.94±0.14
25-29	23.80±3.38	1.00±0.12	0.98±0.15	0.91±0.15
30-34	24.96±3.50	0.99±0.12	0.95±0.12	0.87±0.12
35-39	25.57±3.76	0.99±0.13	0.94±0.13	0.86±0.13
40-44	25.64±3.42	0.98±0.14	0.93±0.13	0.83±0.13
45-49	25.85±3.42	0.97±0.14	0.92±0.13	0.82±0.12
50-54	25.51±3.43	0.98±0.15	0.91±0.13	0.80±0.12
55-59	25.41±3.26	0.97±0.15	0.91±0.13	0.79±0.12
60-64	25.03±3.13	0.98±0.16	0.90±0.13	0.78±0.12
65-69	24.97±3.08	1.00±0.17	0.90±0.13	0.77±0.12
70-74	24.61±3.12	1.00±0.18	0.88±0.13	0.74±0.12
75-79	23.80±3.14	1.01±0.18	0.86±0.13	0.72±0.13
≥80	23.53±3.14	1.03±0.20	0.83±0.14	0.70±0.12