Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of uterine adenomyosis on the clinical outcomes of infertility patients treated with in
vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). Methods A retrospective study was
conducted of 61 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles as the study group, diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis by transvaginal ultrasound, and
164 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles of patients with tubal infertility as the control group. The baseline characteristics, ovary response and
clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth
rate decreased significantly in the study group (P<0.05), and early abortion rate increased significantly (P<0.05). For patients
with adenomyosis, GnRH-antagonist cycles tended to decrease clinical pregnancy rate and increase abortion rate (25.0% vs
45.0%, P=0.184; 66.7% vs 27.8%, P=0.247), and significantly decrease live birth rate (0% vs 30.8%, P=0.025), compared with
GnRHa agonist cycles. Conclusion Uterine adenomyosis decreases implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and birth rate,
and increases abortion rate significantly in patients with IVF/ICSI-ET. GnRH-antagonist cycles have adverse effects on the
outcomes of adenomyosis; GnRH agonist long protocol cycles may increase clinical pregnancy rate and decrease abortion rate.