Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the prognosis of patients with low-risk cervical
cancer (without pelvic lymph node metastasis, parametrial involvement, positive surgical margin, primary tumor size > 4 cm,
deep cervical stromal invasion, or lymph-vascular space invasion). Methods The clinical data of 208 patients with low-risk
cervical cancer were studied retrospectively to analyze the indications of adjuvant chemotherapy and its relationship with
tumor recurrence and the patients’ survival. Results The median follow-up time of the cohort was 73 months. The overall
tumor recurrence rate was 4.8% and the total 5-year survival rate of the patients was 96.0%. Sixty-nine of the patients received
adjuvant chemotherapy (Taxol+Cisplatin) after the operation with a median of 2.5 (2-4) courses. Univariate analysis showed
that the histological tumor grade was significantly associated with adjuvant chemotherapy (P<0.001). In the 114 grade III
patients, 50 received adjuvant chemotherapy as compared with 19 in the 94 grade I-II patients. Among the grade III patients,
no significant differences was found in the overall survival rate (97.0% vs 95.0%) or tumor recurrence rate (4.0% vs 4.7%) rate
between the patients with adjuvant chemotherapy and those without. The tumor size (2 cm or less vs >2 cm) was significantly
associated with tumor recurrence rate (1.1% vs 7.5%, P=0.034) and the overall 5-year survival rate (100.0% vs 93.0%, P=0.034) in
the 208 patients. In the 139 patients receiving only surgical treatment, the tumor recurrence and 5-year survival rates were not
significantly correlated with the histologic grade, age, FIGO staging, gross type, tumor size or histologic type. Conclusion
There has been no sufficient evidence to support the prescription of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for low-risk cervical
cancer based on histological grading of the tumor, which may not help in reducing tumor recurrence or improving the
long-term survival of the postoperative patients.