Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of nosocomial infections in patients with malignancies in the period of agranulocytosis following chemotherapy. Methods The clinical features of hospital-acquired infections were reviewed and analyzed in 120 patients with malignancies in state of agranulocytosis after chemotherapy.The infection-related factors,classification of the pathogens and therapeutic effect were also analyzed. Results The hospital-acquired infections involved mostly patients with acute leukemia and lung cancer (70/120),occurring at the site of the respiratory tract (78.89%),oral mucosa,gastrointestinal tract,skin and abdominal cavity,etc.The pathogens responsible for the infection are mainly bacteria,with increased incidence of mycotic infections.The pathogenic bacteria causing the infections were predominately G-bacterium,which were sensitive to meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin. Conclusion Patients with malignancies are at high risk of hospital-acquired infection.Good basic nursing care,intestinal tract disinfection,application of granulocyte-stimulating factors,adequate use of antibiotics and constant vigilance of mycotic infection are the key measures to prevent and treat these nosocomial infections.