Abstract: Objective To explore the possibility of using autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) as a vehicle to deliver recombinant adeno-associated virus 2-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (rAAV-2-eGFP) in vitro, therefore to find an alternative solution for gene therapy of hematological malignancy.Methods BMSCs isolated from the bone marrow of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at the onset of disease were infected by rAAV-2-eGFP at different multiplicity of infection (MOI=102, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107, respectively). Phase-contrast fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP).Results Ten to fourteen days after the transfection, eGFP expression began to be detected and the transfection efficiency ranged between 0.3% to 2%, which failed to be increased with the increase of MOI. The transduced eGFP could maintain a long-term stable expression in vitro in the 61 days of observation, and from 12 to 33 days after transfection, eGFP percentage underwent a decrease from the initial 1.16% to 0.5%-0.6% and maintained this expression level till 61 days after transfection.Conclusions rAAV can be used with BMSCs for in vitro gene therapy, but the poor transfection efficiency of these cells remains a significant obstacle for its further application.