Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of the protocol combining levofloxacin, pasiniazide, M.Vaccae (V+D+M protocol) in the treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Method Ninety-seven cases of MDR-TB randomized into V+D+M treatment protocol group (n=50) and control group (n=47) were observed for the negative sputum conversion rate, focal absorption, pulmonary cavity closure and improvement of immune function, after a 6-month treatment course. Results After the completion of the treatment course, the negative sputum conversion rate in V+D+M treatment protocol group was 84%, significantly higher than that in the control group (42%); the former group showed a focal absorption rate and pulmonary cavity closure rate of 83% and 66%, which were 33% and 26% respectively in the latter. In V+D+M treatment protocol group, T lymphocyte subgroups CD₃ and CD₄ were significantly elevated while CD₈ decreased after treatment, resulting in increased CD₄ to CD₈ ratio. The incidence of adverse effects resulting from the different treatment protocols in the two groups were comparable (30% vs 38%). Conclusion V+D+M treatment protocol is effective for MDR-TB, which possesses the potential for application in clinical practice.