南方医科大学学报

南方医科大学学报

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高抗消化性淀粉膳食调控糖脂代谢研究进展

刘 坤，李晓莹，张玉罡，孙 嘉，廖文镇   

  1. 南方医科大学实验管理中心//医学基础国家级实验教学示范中心，广东 广州 510515；南方医科大学珠江医院内分泌科，广东 广州 510280；南方医科大学公共卫生学院，广东 广州 510515
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（2200080403）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2023A1515012726）

Research Progress on the Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by High Resistant Starch Diets

LIU Kun, LI Xiaoying, ZHANG Yugang, SUN Jia, LIAO Wenzhen   

  1. Experimental Education/Administration Center, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (2200080403)

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摘要： 代谢性疾病如肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病的全球流行与营养过剩及饮食模式失衡密切相关。淀粉作为人类主要能量来源的碳水化合物，其消化特性直接影响糖脂代谢稳态。抗消化性淀粉（RS）因其独特的抗消化特性与益生元功能，成为当前改善糖脂代谢紊乱的膳食营养研究的热点。本文综述了淀粉消化特性以及RS改善代谢性疾病的综合作用及相关机制。高RS的膳食不仅通过延缓葡萄糖释放优化血糖稳态，而且未消化的部分进入结肠通过驱动肠道菌群-肠-脑轴代谢调控网络，其中包括激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶/乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（AMPK/ACC）通路减少脂肪蓄积、提升短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）介导的肠屏障功能与胰高血糖素样肽-1/肽YY（GLP-1/PYY）神经信号传导。这不仅将为新型健康食品设计提供研究基础，同时也为优化膳食营养，降低高碳水饮食引起的糖脂代谢紊乱调控提供新的研究思路。

关键词: 代谢性疾病, 淀粉, 高抗消化, 膳食营养, 糖脂代谢调控

Abstract: The global prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases is closely related to overnutrition and imbalanced dietary patterns. As the carbohydrate, the digestion characteristics of starch directly affect the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism. Resistant Starch (RS) has become the current hotspot of dietary nutrition research for improving disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism due to its unique anti-digestive properties and prebiotic functions. This review summarizes the digestive characteristics of starch, as well as the comprehensive effects and related mechanisms of resistant starch (RS) in ameliorating metabolic diseases. Diets with high RS content not only optimize glucose homeostasis by retarding glucose release, but also the undigested fractions enter the colon to drive the metabolic regulatory network of the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. These include activating the AMPK/ACC pathway to reduce fat accumulation, enhancing the intestinal barrier function mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and GLP-1/PYY neural signal transduction. This will not only provide a research basis for the design of new healthy foods but also offer new research ideas for optimizing dietary nutrition and regulating the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism caused by a high-carbohydrate diet.

Key words: Metabolic diseases, Starch, High resistant ability, Dietary nutrition, Glucose and lipid metabolism