Abstract: Objective To compare the serum miR-663 levels in renal transplant patients with and without acute rejection (AR)and explore the role of miR-663 acute renal graft rejection. Methods Real time-PCR was used to determine serum miR-663levels in renal transplant recipients with and without AR. MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC assay were employed to examinethe viability and apoptosis of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) treated with a miR-663 mimic or a miR-663inhibitor, and ELISA was performed to detect the expression of inflammation-related cytokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL-2and TNF-α in the cells. Transwell assay was used to examine the effect of miR-663 mimic and miR-663 inhibitor on thechemotactic capability of macrophages. Results Serum miR-663 level was significantly higher in renal transplant recipientswith AR than in those without AR. The miR-663 mimic significantly inhibited the viability of HRGECs and increase the cellapoptosis rate, while miR-663 inhibitor suppressed the cell apoptosis. The miR-663 mimic increased the expression levels ofinflammation-related cytokines and enhanced the chemotactic capability of macrophages. Conclusion miR-663 might playimportant roles in acute renal graft rejection and may become a therapeutic target for treating AR.