Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation of serum calcium levels and the risks of diabetes mellitus (DM) in
middle-aged elderly men. Methods A total of 3386 male subjects aged 40-79 years were selected from two local communities of
Beijing using stratified random sampling for this cross-sectional survey. The survey was conducted using questionnaires, and
all the subjects underwent physical examination and blood tests of serum calcium, vitamin D and other biochemical
parameters. The subjects were divided into normal glucose group, prediabetic group and diabetic group to compare their
blood biochemical parameters and analyze the risk factors of diabetes. Results The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes
was 32.31% in the 3386 subjects surveyed. Serum calcium, vitamin D and Creatinine (Cr) levels were significantly higher in
pre-diabetic and diabetic groups than in the non-diabetic group (P<0.05), and age, body mass index, serum calcium, vitamin D,
and Cr levels differed significantly between the former two groups (P<0.05). The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly
with serum calcium level (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, serum calcium, and serum
vitamin D levels were independent risk factors for diabetes (P<0.05). Conclusion Male diabetic patients have abnormal serum
calcium levels. An increased age and increased serum calcium levels are associated with higher risks of diabetes, and age,
serum calcium, serum vitamin D, Cr, and body mass index are all risk factors of diabetes in men.