Abstract: Objective To explore the prevention and management of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection accompanied with acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of 5 patients with acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation was conducted. The incidence of acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation was 2.3% (5/217). All the 5 cases were complicated by active HCMV infection, 3 of which had hyperlipemia and 2 had liver dysfunction. Three cases were finally cured while the other 2 died, one of which was due to respiration failure arising from HCMV interstitial pneumonia accompanied with hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis, and the other due to fulminating liver function failure because of active HCMV infection accompanied with hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis. Conclusion Active HCMV infection is the most important factor responsible for acute pancreatitis, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to lower mortality rate.